Geography Presentation 8th Grade U.S. History Unit One

EARTH – 4 HEMISPHERES HEMISPHERE COMES FROM THE GREEK LANGUAGE SPHERE – ROUND SHAPE

North/ South Hemispheres Hemispheres is half of the world. The half of the earth North of the equator is the Northern Hemisphere, and the half to the South is the Southern Hemisphere.

East/West Hemispheres The half of the Earth East of the Prime Meridian is the Eastern Hemisphere while the half to the west is known as the Western Hemisphere.

Geography Vocabulary North Pole-The Most northern Point on Earth South Pole-The Most southern Point on Earth

THE COMPASS ROSE Compass Rose A symbol on maps that shows direction.

CARDINAL POINTS MAJOR POINTS OF DIRECTION NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST

ORDINAL POINTS “INTERMEDIARY POINTS NORTHEAST SOUTHEAST NORTHWEST SOUTHWEST

Oceans The largest bodies of water that covers Earth (Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean).

Oceans P PACIFIC I INDIAN S SOUTHERN A ATLANTIC A ARTIC

Continents The largest masses of land on Earth. There are seven continents. The largest is Asia, the smallest is Australia. The others from largest to smallest are Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, and Europe.

Continents AUNT ASIA ALICE AUSTRALIA ALWAYS ANTARTICA SINGS SOUTH AMERICA EVERYWHERE, EUROPE NEVER NORTH AMERICA ALONE. AFRICA

Equator An imaginary line halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole, running from west to east. The equator is numbered zero degrees. The North Pole is 90 degree north latitude and the South Pole is 90 degrees south latitude. EQUATOR

Parallels of Latitude BONUS: Are imaginary lines that circle the Earth from West to East. These lines are parallel to the equator. The distance between parallel lines is always the same. BONUS: WHAT ARE THE DISTANCES BETWEEN THE PARALLEL LINES?

Meridians Meridians of Longitude are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to South Pole. MERIDIANS are not parallels. Can you explain why?

Meridians Parallels of Latitude and Meridians of longitude can be used to locate any place on Earth. They form grids that can be used to locate points/positions. What need do you think the invention of grids served?

Prime Meridian Is a zero degree line that is the starting point for measuring longitude.

Prime Meridian All lines East of the Prime Meridian are East Longitude and all lines to the West of the Prime Meridian are West Longitude.

UMMMMM… REVIEW: WHAT LINE IS THE STARTING POINT FOR LATITUDE LINES (NORTH AND/OR SOUTH) Equator! Curveball question…

International Dateline Is the line numbered 180 degrees longitude. It is exactly halfway around the world from the Prime Meridian. IT ALSO IS THE LONGITUDE LINE AS THE PRIME MERIDIAN.

International Dateline DO YOU KNOW WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU CROSS THE INTERNATIONAL TIMEZONE? AND WHY?

Tropics Tropic of Cancer is the line of latitude at 23 1/2 degrees north of the Equator. Tropic of Capricorn is the imaginary line at 23 ½ degrees south of the Equator.

Tropics Tropics are all the land and water of Earth situated between the tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

Legends and Keys LEGENDS Show general info – elevations over large areas, generic symbols for mountains, rivers, boundaries, airports, etc. KEYS Show specific info – cities with specific populations, specific state/country capitals, etc. Many times both terms used interchangeably.

Scale Scales are used in maps because they are smaller than the places they represent. The scale tells how many miles every inch on the map stands for.

Student Created Maps 1) Title 2) Compass 3) Scale 4) Legend Every map created should have: 1) Title 2) Compass 3) Scale 4) Legend 5) Neat printing and use of ruler