Happy Tuesday! VIP Word: Proton When you’re finished… 1. Take out a piece of paper. 2. Write your name. 3. Put everything else away. 4. Get ready… Pop Quiz! 

*Pop* Quiz Draw and label an atom and its subatomic particles. Underneath each labelled subatomic particle be sure to include: -The Charge -The Mass -The Location

*Pop* Quiz Answers

Physical Properties of Matter Notes

What is a physical property? Characteristics of a specific substance that can be observed without changing the substance

Which physical properties are dependent on the amount of the sample? Volume The amount of space an object occupies Liter Graduated cylinder Mass The amount of matter in an object Gram balance Weight Measure of the force of gravity pushing on an object Newton Spring scale

How do you find the volume of an irregular object? Water Displacement. Measure the amount of water in a graduated cylinder and record Drop the object into the graduated cylinder Record the final volume Final volume – initial volume= volume of object

How are mass and weight different? Weight- a measure of the force of gravity acting on the mass of the object. Unit- Newtons Measured using a Spring Scale Mass- the amount of matter in an object Unit- grams Measured using a triple beam balance *Mass does not change with location and does not depend on the force of gravity at a given location.

Which physical properties are independent of the amount of matter present? Melting point The temperature at which a substance melts or freezes Boiling point The temperature at which a substance vaporizes or condenses Density Solubility

What is Density? the mass (in grams) per unit volume (cubic centimeters or cm3) of a substance Determined by: The distance between the particles The mass of the particles

They have the same density! Why? How?

States of matter Most dense: solids Liquids Least dense: gases

What is the density of water? The density of water is 1 g/cm3. A substance which is not soluble in water will float in water if its density is less than 1g/cm3.

How do you calculate density? Density is found by dividing mass by volume. D= m/v The units for density are g/cm3 These are derived units 

What is a mixture? Consists of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined (no chemical change has occurred) Homogeneous: looks the same throughout Heterogeneous: different components of mixture can easily be seen Mixtures are examples of a physical change The contents of a mixture can be separated

What Is A Compound? A compound is a pure substance that is created by 2 or more elements chemically reacting and joining together Ex: NaCl, H2O, CO2, NH3, NaHCO3, and C6H12O6 Notice that elements combine in many ways to make compounds Ex: H2O, H2O2, CO, and CO2 This section was left off of your notes sheet. Add this in. Sorry, yal!

Why Do Compounds Form? Compounds form to allow elements to become more stable Na is flammable when it comes in contact with H2O, and Cl2 is a toxic gas NaCl is a very stable compound that is neither flammable nor toxic (in normal quantities) Compounds that are extremely unstable will break down to form the more stable elements This section was left off of your notes sheet. Add this in. Sorry, yal!

How Do Compounds Form? Compounds form by the interaction between the nuclei and valence electrons of 2 or more elements THE OCTET RULE: an element is most stable with 8 valence electrons Elements will join chemically to get 8 valence electrons Ex: CO2 : oxygen has 6 valence electrons and carbon has 4 If the carbon shares 2 with each oxygen, everyone will have 8 valence electrons! This section was left off of your notes sheet. Add this in. Sorry, yal!

What Do Compounds Have To Do With My Life? Compounds are the substances that make up ALL living and non-living things Examples: Where would you be without: H2O—water NaCl—table salt C3H8O—rubbing alcohol C6H12O6- sugar This section was left off of your notes sheet. Add this in. Sorry, yal!

What is a solution? A mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent Solute: the substance that is dissolved Solvent: substance in which the solute is dissolved Particles of each substance are evenly spread throughout the solution Solutions can be: Solids: Brass (zinc and copper) Liquids: Antifreeze (alcohol in water) Gases: dry air (oxygen in nitrogen) Combination: Soda (Carbon dioxide in water)

What is solubility? The maximum number of grams of solute which will dissolve in 100g of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure Data can be used to identify substances

What is a saturated solution? A solution is saturated when no more solute can be dissolved in a volume of solvent at a specific temperature or pressure Additional solute added to a saturated solution collects at the bottom of the container

What is a solubility graph (or curve)? Shows the relationship between solubility and temperature for a given solute in a solvent The point at which the curve intersects the x- and y- axis is the saturation point of a given substance

What is the solubility of KCl at 40 degrees? Which is more soluble at 30 degrees? CaCl2 or KCl? What is the solubility of NaCl at 80 degrees? How much more KCl will dissolve if you heat the water from 10 to 70 degrees?