Unit 1 Notes: The Organ Systems

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Unit 1 Notes: The Organ Systems

(1) You Are “Chemicals” You are made of: Body processes are: Atoms Chemical compounds (i.e.- biomolecules) Charged particles (ions) Body processes are: Chemical reactions (a.k.a- metabolism) The breaking down + forming of molecules Homeostasis

(2) Anatomy vs. Physiology Anatomy: The study of specific body structures, their composition, their location, and their names. Physiology: The study of how specific body structures work both individually and with other structures.

(3) The Nervous System Organs / Structures: Main Functions: Brain , Spinal Cord , Nerves , Neurons (Cells) Main Functions: Respond to all internal and external stimuli/changes. Process + Prioritize incoming stimulus messages. Stimulate the movement/function of all other organ systems.

(4) The Cardio System Organs / Structures: Main Functions: Heart , Blood Vessels (Veins & Arteries), Blood , Erythrocyotes & Leukocytes (Cells) Main Functions: Circulate cellular nutrients to tissues in need. Circulate cellular waste away from functioning tissues. Pump blood to allow for nutrient/waste circulation. Work closely with respiratory system.

(5) The Respiratory System Organs / Structures: Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Bronchioles & Alveoli, Lungs, Diaphragm Main Functions: Take in oxygen gas and transfer to blood cells. Remove carbon dioxide gas from blood cells and expel out of body. Work closely with the cardiovascular system.

(6) The Skeletal System Organs / Structures: Main Functions: Bones , Joints , Cartilage Main Functions: Protect internal organs. Provide support and structure for body. Store and produce necessary blood cells, growth hormones and minerals. Provide a wider range of motion and shock-absorption.

(7) The Muscular System Organs / Structures: Main Functions: Muscles, Tendons & Ligaments Main Functions: Work with skeletal system to allow for body mobility. Produce heat energy for body. Allow for bipedalism in humans.

(8) The Digestive System Organs / Structures: Oral Cavity , Esophagus , Stomach , Small Intestine , Large Intestine , Rectum & Anus Main Functions: Break food into smaller pieces. Metabolize biomolecules. Absorb useful nutrients from food into bloodstream. Excrete unusable / harmful compounds out of the body.

(9) The Excretory System Organs / Structures: Kidneys , Nephrons , Ureters , Bladder , Urethra Main Functions: Filter blood. Reabsorb useful nutrients back into bloodstream. Excrete excess nutrients / harmful compounds as urine.

(10) The Endocrine System Organs / Structures: Glands, Hormones Main Functions: Produce and secrete hormones. Stimulate body development, growth, and reproduction. Control cellular metabolism.

(11) The Reproductive System Organs / Structures: Male: Penis, Testicles, Sperm Female: Vagina, Ovaries, Eggs Main Functions: Produce offspring. Pass on successful genes.

(12) The Integumentary System Organs / Structures: Skin, Hair, Nails Main Functions: Protect internal organs. Produce Vitamin D and Melanin. Provide additional body heat and reduce friction. Allow for additional manipulation.

(13) The Lymphatic System Organs / Structures: Lymph Nodes, Lymph Vessels, White Blood Cells Main Functions: Protect body from infectious agents. Collect leaked cellular fluid. Dispose / Recycle necessary cellular fluid.