Unifying Characteristics of Life- The Cell Review

What is the role of the cell membrane? separates the cell from external environment; regulates what enters and exits

Why is the cell membrane referred to as selectively permeable? It only allows some substances to enter & exit the cell

What is the job of the rough ER? modifies and then packages proteins into vesicles; Abundant in cells that produce a large amount of protein for export

What makes up the cell membrane? A phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol, carbohydrates, and proteins

What is the function of lysosomes? clean up crews of the cell; contain powerful enzymes

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? shape and organization, transport

What are cilia and flagella? cilia move materials past the cell and flagella enable cells to move

What organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroids in glands and the breakdown of toxins? Smooth ER

Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm Which Four structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

What are Microfilaments and microtubules? Filaments-support and movement Tubules- maintain shape

What organelle converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars? chloroplasts

If a cell requires a large amount of energy, what organelle would it have a lot of? mitochondria

What is the function of a ribosome? Site of protein synthesis

What is the function of the nucleus of a cell? control center; contains the hereditary information of DNA

What is the main function of the cell wall? To protect and support cells such as plants, fungi, and bacteria

What are the differences between plant & animal cells?   Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, have a rectangular shape, and have one large central vacuole

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus ? Final modification and packaging of proteins for release from the cell

storage centers of cells; water, food, or wastes What are Vacuoles? storage centers of cells; water, food, or wastes

What are Vesicles? Membranous sacs that transport materials throughout the cell

What is the function of the Mitochondria?   converts chemical energy in food into useable energy

What are the differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes? Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles; they have circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA.

How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar? Both contain DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

How are plant and animal cells similar? Both contain cell membranes, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and common organelles