DO NOW QUESTION Do you think it is ok for humans to modify genes in living organisms? Why or Why not? Campbell 8thed Chapter 20/ Lemur Chapter 12

SWBAT describe technological advances using DNA and the genes. Objective Date: SWBAT describe technological advances using DNA and the genes.

In CSI: Waukegan, we discussed how biological fluids can be used to find DNA of a suspect. DNA fingerprinting allows us to confirm identifies based on an individual's unique sequence. Defendant’s blood Blood from defendant’s clothes Victim’s

BACTERIAL PLASMIDS AND GENE CLONING Plasmids are used to customize bacteria. We can move the plasmid into other cells.

BACTERIAL PLASMIDS AND GENE CLONING Uses: Pest Resistant Plants Cleaning up toxic waste Dissolving blood clots Human Growth Hormone & Insulin

CONNECTION

In 1982, humulin, human insulin was produced by bacteria Therapeutic hormones In 1982, humulin, human insulin was produced by bacteria Became the first recombinant drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Figure 12.7A

Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease 1 2 3 4 5 Restriction fragment preparation Gel electrophoresis Blotting Radioactive probe Detection of radioactivity (autoradiography) I II III Restriction fragments Filter paper Probe Radioactive, single- stranded DNA (probe) Film Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease Recognize dangerous inherited diseases

Gene therapy may someday help treat a variety of diseases CONNECTION Gene therapy may someday help treat a variety of diseases Cloned gene (normal allele) 1 Insert normal gene into virus Viral nucleic acid Retrovirus 2 Infect bone marrow cell with virus 3 Viral DNA inserts into chromosome Bone marrow cell from patient Bone marrow Figure 12.13 4 Inject cells into patient

Pharm Animals Genes from humans are moved into another species creating a transgenic animal. Goats have been used to create the human blood protein (antithrombin) for people who cannot create blood clots.

Bioengineering & Farm Animals

The Human Genome Project, begun in 1990 and completed in 2003. GENOMICS CONNECTION The Human Genome Project, begun in 1990 and completed in 2003. Genetic and physical mapping of chromosomes, followed by DNA sequencing Figure 12.15

Besides being interesting themselves Table 12.17 Besides being interesting themselves Nonhuman genomes can be compared with the human genome

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS and FOOD Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are transforming agriculture

Super Salmon ABC News

How do you know what you are eating?

Genetic engineering involves risks Genetic engineering involves risks Such as ecological damage from GM crops Figure 12.19B

PROS CONS People have always selectively breed. Strictly Monitored More diversity Crops can grow in scarce land and without use of pesticides. Cheaper food & medicine Unnatural May not know the issues for a long time Uses bacteria and viruses to transfer genes Pesticides used will kill all non-GMOs. Will not solve world hunger