Enzymes and the digestive system

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Presentation transcript:

Enzymes and the digestive system 2.3 Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides 11/13/2018

Settler Activity: Unscramble these anagrams! ASHOPCLAYCRIED ADISCHIDECAR MADESOONCHARDICE CHARTS SOGCLUE LIDCIGCOSY DNOB DENTSOCATION CREATINO HISSYLODRY CREATINO Polysaccharide Disaccharide Monosaccharide Starch Glucose Glycosidic bond Condensation reaction Hydrolysis reaction 11/13/2018

Learning Objectives All students should be able to... Describe how α-glucose molecules link together to form starch? Give examples of storage and structural polysaccharides. Describe and carry out the test for starch? Specification reference: 3.1.2 11/13/2018

Success Criteria I can classify carbohydrates as monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. I can name two storage polysaccharides. I can name a structural polysaccharide. I can describe the stages of the starch test. I can carry out the starch test. 11/13/2018

Starter Activity: Can you classify these carbohydrates? Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Galactose Glycogen Starch Sucrose Lactose Glucose Maltose Fructose Cellulose 11/13/2018

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are polymers, formed by combining together many monosaccharide molecules. The monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds that were formed by condensation reactions. As polysaccharides are very large molecules, they are insoluble. This feature makes them suitable for storage. When they are hydrolysed, polysaccharides break down into disaccharides or monosaccharides. Some polysaccharides, such as cellulose, are not used for storage but give structural support to plant cells. Starch is a polysaccharide that is found in many parts of plants in the form of granules or grains, e.g. Starch grains in chloroplasts. It is formed by the linking of between 200 and 100,000 α-glucose molecules by glycosidic bonds in a series of condensation reactions. 11/13/2018

Test for starch Starch is easily detectable by its ability to change the colour of the iodine in potassium iodide solution from yellow to blue-black. The test is carried out at room temperature. Place 2cm3 of the sample being tested into a test tube (or add two drops of the sample into a depression on a spotting tile). Add two drops of iodine solution and shake or stir. The presence of starch is indicated by a blue-black coloration. 11/13/2018

Plenary Questions Name 3 polysaccharides. Which polysaccharide gives structural support to plant cells? Which polysaccharide is used for storage of energy in plants? Which polysaccharide is used for storage of energy in animals? What feature of polysaccharides makes them suitable for storage? In what form do you find starch? Describe the test for starch? How is starch formed? 11/13/2018

Plenary Questions Cellulose, Glycogen and Starch Cellulose Starch Very large molecules, therefore they are insoluble, making them suitable for storage. Small granules or grains Add 2 drops of iodine solution to test solution. If starch is present it turns the iodine a blue-black colour. Starch is formed by the linking of between 200 and 100 000 α-glucose molecules by glycosidic bonds in a series of condensation reactions. 11/13/2018

Learning Objectives All students should be able to... Describe how α-glucose molecules link together to form starch? Give examples of storage and structural polysaccharides. Describe and carry out the test for starch? Specification reference: 3.1.2 11/13/2018