The Reformation Chapter 17 section 3 and 4
Causes of the Reformation Reformation: A movement to reform the Christian Church, that resulted in the creation of new Protestant Churches. What caused the Reformation? The Renaissance emphasized the secular world. Powerful monarchs challenged Church power Merchants did not like paying tithes to Rome Poorly educated priests, were not teaching well Critics writings were made available. (Huss, Wycliffe, Erasmus, and More)
Martin Luther and his Challenge Martin Luther: credited with starting the Reformation Originally educated as a lawyer Thunderstorm and conversion Concerned about “doing enough” to get into Heaven Read Bible like a contract Can’t find support for indulgences, or Pope’s authority Church brushes him off In 1517 he publishes his 95 Theses. 95 statements criticizing the church. Posting them marks the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
How did the Church react? Core Beliefs of Luther Faith alone gets you to Heaven, not “good works.” Church teachings need to be from the Bible No need for priests (or Pope) to interpret the Bible How did the Church react? Ignored him at first Threatened him with Excommunication 1521 Forced the Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) to hold the Diet of Worms and put Luther on trial Luther rescued by the Duke of Saxony. Now the Reformation is religious AND political! Charles V
By 1522, Luther’s followers were called Lutherans. Peasants used the Reformation as a chance to get political freedom and rebelled. Luther was against this Princes killed 100,000 peasants German Princes sided with the Church or Luther, creating a civil war inside the Holy Roman Empire. Non Catholic princes were referred to as Protestants. In 1555 Charles V signed a peace treaty with protestants, called the Peace of Augsburg. Princes can be Lutheran or Catholic, they just have to remain part of the empire.
The Reformation in England (or, 6 reasons not to marry Henry VIII) Henry VIII needs a son Married to Catherine of Aragon (Spain) They have a daughter, Mary Tried to get an annulment of the marriage, Pope says no.
Closed the Monasteries, sold the land Granted himself a divorce Henry had the Parliament declare him head of the church of England. (Act of Supremacy) Closed the Monasteries, sold the land Granted himself a divorce Married Anne Boleyn Daughter Elizabeth Anne beheaded! Married Jane Seymour Son Edward IV Jane died shortly after birth
Edward was sickly, so he married 3 more times Divorced wife 4, beheaded wife 5, died before wife 6. Passed a law stating females could inherit the throne Edward ruled for 6 years and died Mary I came back from Spain, tried to convert England back to Catholicism. (Bloody Mary) Mary died, Elizabeth I inherited the throne Elizabeth I Edward I Mary (Bloody Mary)
Elizabeth Takes a Middle Path Set up the Church of England Elizabeth was head, the official church of England Catholics, and other Protestants were tolerated, so long as they were tolerant.
The Reformation Continues! Yay! Chapter 17 section 4 The Reformation Continues! Yay!
Other Protestant Religions Calvinism Started by John Calvin, influenced by Luther Core Idea = Predestination Believed in Theocracy. Built a model community in Geneva Switzerland Strict rules, no dancing, gambling, or other faiths Calvinism elsewhere John Knox took Calvinism to Scotland. Presbyterians Huguenots in France
Anabaptists Adult baptism, total pacifism, separation of church and state. Regularly targeted by Catholics and Calvinists Modern day Amish, Quakers, and Baptists.
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How Did the Catholic Church Respond? The Catholic Reformation The Council of Trent (1545-1563) Outlawed selling indulgences Confirmed faith AND “good works” to get to heaven Confirmed Pope as the head of the church Created the Jesuits Created the Inquisition
Jesuits New order of Monks created to directly challenge Protestant preachers Started by Ignatius of Loyola Focused on education, built schools Focused on conversion of non-Christians, sent missionaries around the world Focused on stopping the spread of Protestantism
The Legacy of the Reformation “or, that was a ton of stuff” Religious and Social New versions of Christianity Catholics become unified Emphasis on education Political Weakened church influence over governments, allowing for creation of nations Laid the groundwork for the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment