Contraceptive I will be able to categorize types of contraceptives I will be able to explain how each contraceptive works I will create a book to write take notes in I will draw pictures of types of contraceptive to put in the book

Agenda Attendance (5min) Make paper bag book (15min) Notes (40min) Homework Open Word Sort

Birth Control Methods Abstinence Condom (male & female) The Pill Depo Provera 3 month shot Lunelle 1 month shot IUD Diaphragm Cervical Cap Spermicides Ortho Evra “Patch” NuvaRing

Abstinence It’s the only 100% effective method of Contraception/Birth Control Choice of Contraceptive method based on many factors: - frequency of intercourse - ease of use - ability to use consistently - concern about STIs - cost - comfort - effectiveness - safety - relationship with partner What is “effectiveness”? What does it mean to use a method “Consistently” and “Correctly”? Sexually Transmitted Disease and Birth Control - Latex Condom - Condom combined with other method

Barrier Methods Physically block the sperm and egg from meeting These methods need to be used correctly and consistently They need to be put in place before any sexual contact Available without a prescription: -Condom -Female Condom -Spermicides: foam, inserts, jelly, cream & film Available with a prescription/fitting: Diaphragm Cervical Cap

Condom Used by male and covers the penis - traps semen inside to prevent sperm from meeting with egg Latex vs. Animal Skin vs. Polyurethane vs. Polyisoprene Used only once Effectiveness: 95-99% used with other method Cost: FREE in County Health Clinics From $5.00 - $15.00 in a drug store Advantages: Condoms (except animal skin)are the ONLY contraceptive method that provides help with STI protection Easy to get - available without a prescription at drug stores and health clinics Disadvantages: Loss of sensation, allergies Other issues: Lubricant, Spermicide

Female Condom Used by female and is held into place in the vagina by plastic ring - traps semen inside to prevent sperm from meeting with egg Used only once Effectiveness: 94% when used correctly Cost: $3 - $5 per condom Advantages: Places decision to use a condom in the power of the woman Does not require a medical visit Disadvantages: Fairly expensive Awkward to use Other Issues: Lubricant

Spermicides Spermicides are placed into the vagina a short time before intercourse and are designed to kill the sperm before it is able to enter the cervix Some spermicides need to be placed in the vagina for at least fifteen minutes before intercourse Spermicides are effective for one hour after insertion and only one act of intercourse Effectiveness: 95-99% when used with a condom 72-97% used alone Cost: Depending on method $4 - $10 per package Advantages: No hormonal side effects Available in drug stores without a prescription Very effective if used with a condom Disadvantages: Allergies Waiting for intercourse Applications last for short time

Diaphragm/Cervical Cap Latex barrier combined with spermicidal cream or jelly provides two types of barriers to sperm Fits into vagina and covers the cervix Effectiveness: 82-94% Cost: Diaphragm $25 - Cervical Cap $32 Advantages: No Hormonal side effects Two types of barriers Can be left in for longer periods of time Both devices are reusable Disadvantages: Needs special fitting in a medical office Some women may be uncomfortable with putting it in place Preparation before intercourse Jelly or cream need to be reapplied for each act of intercourse Other issues: needs to be fitted to body size

Hormonal Methods Hormonal methods stop ovulation (the mature egg released by the ovary) All hormonal methods must be prescribed by a medical practitioner and will require an office visit All hormonal methods have some side effects: weight change acne irregular mood swings NO HORMONAL METHOD PROVIDES ANY PROTECTION AGAINST SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE!!!! Methods Available OrthoEvra “The Patch” Oral Contraceptives “The Pill” Depo Provera & Lunelle Injections 3 months or 1 month The NuvaRing Emergency Contraceptive Pill - Plan B

Oral Contraceptives/The Pill One pill once a day releases hormones in the body which stop ovulation (the release of the mature egg) Hormones thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from joining egg Effectiveness: 97 - 99.9% Cost: $7 - $25+ per month Advantages: Nothing to put in place before intercourse More regular periods Protection against: menstrual cramping, anemia, acne, PMS, certain cancers, PID, fibrous breast tumors, ovarian cysts and tubal pregnancies Disadvantages: Need to take a pill every day Some side effects: temporary irregular bleeding NO protection against STIs

Depo Provera An injection in the arm or hip every 12 weeks releases hormones that stop ovulation Hormones thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from joining egg Effectiveness: 99.7% Cost: $30 Advantages: -Nothing to put into place before intercourse -Only need to get injection every 12 weeks -Protects against certain cancers and anemia Disadvantages: -Common side effects: weight gain, headaches, and abdominal pain -May cause delay in getting pregnant after shots are stopped -No protection against STIs Other issues: Most women stop menstruating completely after 9 months of use

ORTHO EVRA - ‘The Patch’ Weekly skin patch which contains hormones that prevent ovulation. A patch is applied once a week for three weeks. The fourth week no patch is worn (should be the week of your period). Effectiveness: 99% Cost: $30 to $40 a month Advantages: Patch is only replaced once a week and can be ‘hidden’. Disadvantages: Need to be replaced once a week. Irritation ‘rash’ may develop where patch is placed. Side effects may be same as with the pill.

NuvaRing Vaginal ring inserted monthly that releases hormones to prevent ovulation. It is inserted and remains in place for three weeks. You then remove for a one week ring free period. Effectiveness: 99 % Cost: $35 to $40 per month Advantages: Only needs to be replaced once a month Disadvantages: Side effects can be similar to those associated with the pill. A woman needs to be comfortable touching her body which is important to remember when it needs to be put in.

Emergency Contraceptive Pill “The Morning After Pill” A series of pills are taken within 72 hours (three days) after sex without contraceptive The pills start menstruation and may prevent pregnancy This method is intended for emergencies (sex against will, broken condom, etc.) The method is safe but it does have strong side effects The morning after pill costs $6 at the Washington County Clinic, if you get a pregnancy during the visit the total is $30.

Other Methods IUD A small plastic device is placed in the uterus Copper and hormones keep the sperm from meeting the egg and prevents fertilized egg from implanting in the uterine wall Depending on the type of, it can be left in for 1 to 10 years Effectivness: 97-99.2% Cost: $150 Advantages: -Nothing to put into place before intercourse -Can be left in place for 1 year or more -No effect on hormone levels in the body Disadvantages: -Heavier and longer periods (cramps) -Spotting between periods -Increased risk of infection -No protection from STIs Other Issues: -IUDs are best for women who have already had at least one child, it also depends on the individual body so ask the nurse

Sterilization Surgical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes in a woman (tubal ligation) or the vas deferens in a man (Vasectomy) Considered permanent procedure - difficult to reverse Effectiveness: 99.6 - 99.8% Cost: $200 - $2,000 Advantages: “Permanent” protection against pregnancy No lasting side effects - no effect on pleasure Protects women who cannot get pregnant for health reasons Disadvantages: Surgical procedure involves risks and recovery Regret about decision Reversibility not guaranteed No protection against STIs Other Issues: Tubal ligation more complicated than vasectomy

Natural Family Planning Method looks at various factors (temperature, cervical mucus, days until ovulation) to try to determine when intercourse is least likely to result in pregnancy Includes periodic abstinence during times that are most likely to result in pregnancy Effectiveness: 80 - 97% Cost: Minimal cost for thermometer and classes Advantages: No medical or hormonal side effects Good for people who morally oppose other forms of contraception Disadvantages: Very complicated, requires commitment of BOTH partners Some women have irregular menstrual cycles Other factors can affect body temperature and cervical mucus

Remember!!! -ABSTINENCE IS THE ONLY 100% EFFECTIVE WAY TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM PREGNANCY AND FROM SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE -The risks associated with sexual activity do not go away with age -The contraceptive method that you choose will determine the amount of control that you have over your body and your exposure to STDs -Only a male condom can provide any real protection against STDs or HIV/AIDs -Some methods, including abstinence, require that you negotiate with your partner -Communicate and be honest with yourself and others…It’s your body!!!!