1. Starter
In the front of your books list as many types of contraception as you can think of. Next to each one note how effective you think it is. Eg.
IUD (intrauterine device) - 98%

2. 3.9 Different methods of contraception and reasons people use them
Describe different types of contraception
Explain why some people use contraception

3. Roman Catholic Beliefs
The Roman Catholic Church is against all forms of artificial contraception.
The only form of natural contraception is the “Natural Family Planning”, or, “Rhythm method.” This is the only form of contraception allowed by the Catholic church.
Pope Paul VI said that every act of intercourse should be open to the transmission of life.

4. Different methods of contraception and reasons people use them
Read page 74
Why do people use contraception? (4 reasons)
What are the problems with contraception?
Why do Roman Catholics believe artificial contraception is wrong?

5. The combined pill
What is it? A tablet containing the hormones oestrogen and progestogen that you take daily for 21 days. After 21 days, you have seven days without a pill, then start again.
How does it work? The hormones prevent you from ovulating (releasing an egg). They also make it difficult for sperm to reach an egg, or for an egg to implant itself in the lining of your womb.
How effective is it? If used correctly it is over 99% effective. This means that less than one woman in 100 will get pregnant in a year. If it's not taken according to instructions, then the chance of getting pregnant increases.

6. Progestogen-only Pill (POP)
The POP only contains one type of hormone called progestogen. It will come in a packet of small tablets which you have to take at the same time every day. No pill will protect you against sexually transmitted infections, though, so many people use condoms too.

7. Condoms
What are they? There are two types – male and female – made from either very thin latex (rubber) or polyurethane.
How do they work? The male condom is worn on the penis to stop sperm from entering the woman’s vagina. It needs to be put on when the penis is erect, and before the penis comes into contact with the vagina.
The female condom is made of polyurethane, and is worn inside the vagina to stop sperm getting to the womb. It needs to be put in the vagina before there is any contact between the vagina and penis.
How effective are condoms? If used correctly and consistently, male condoms are 98% effective. This means that two out of 100 women using male condoms as contraception will become pregnant in a year. Female condoms are 95% effective if used correctly; this means that five out of 100 women using them will become pregnant in a year.
Female condoms can get pushed too far into the vagina.
Either type can sometimes split

8. Contraceptive implant
What is it? A small (40mm), flexible tube containing progestogen (a synthetic version of the natural hormone progesterone). The implant is inserted under the skin of your upper arm by a trained professional. The implant available in the UK is called Implanon, and lasts for three years.
The implant is a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method.
How does it work?  It slowly releases progestogen into your body. The main way the implant works is to stop the release of an egg from the ovary. It also thickens cervical mucus and thins the womb lining. This makes it harder for sperm to move through your cervix, and less likely for your womb to accept a fertilised egg. 
How effective is it? If used correctly it is over 99% effective. This means that less than one woman in 100 will get pregnant in a year.

9. Diaphragms and caps
What is it? A diaphragm is a circular dome made of thin, soft latex (rubber) or silicone, and is inserted into the vagina before sex. A cap is similar but smaller.  
How do they work? A diaphragm or cap is inserted into the vagina before sex, to cover the cervix so that sperm cannot get into the womb. You need to use spermicide with it (spermicides kill sperm). After sex, you take out the diaphragm or cap and wash it. They are reuseable.
Diaphragms and caps come in different sizes. You need to be fitted for the correct size by a trained doctor or nurse.
How effective is it? If used correctly with spermicide, diaphragms and caps are 92-96% effective. This means that four to eight women out of every 100 who use a diahpragm or cap will become pregnant in a year.
They do not protect against STIs.

10. The emergency contraceptive pill (sometimes called the morning-after pill).
How does it work?
The emergency contraceptive pill needs to be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. It is more effective the sooner it is taken. It contains progestogen and works by delaying or preventing ovulation.
How effective is it? If taken within 24 hours of unprotected sex, the emergency pill will prevent up to 95% of pregnancies that could be expected to occur if no emergency contraception was used. This drops to 58% if you take it hours after unprotected sex.
This does not prevent STIs

11. The IUD (intrauterine device).
How does it work?
The IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex, or up to five days after the earliest time you could have ovulated. It may prevent an egg being fertilised or may prevent an egg implanting in your womb (see Useful links).
How effective is it?
IUD will prevent 99% of pregnancies expected to occur.
This does not prevent STIs

12. Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (Nuvaring)
The vaginal ring contains two kinds of hormones - oestrogen and progestogen - which stop an egg from being released (ovulation).
How do you use the vaginal ring?
You insert the vaginal ring at at the start of your menstrual cycle and leave it in place continuously for three weeks. Then take it out to have a ring-free week and you will have a light period. You can insert and remove the vaginal ring by yourself at home.
The first time you use the vaginal ring, you should insert it on the first day of your period. You will be protected against pregnancy immediately. If you start the ring on days 2-5 of your period, you will not be protected straight away and you should use condoms for the first seven days you use the ring. If you start using the ring any other time in your menstrual cycle you will also need to use additional contraception, such as condoms, for the first seven days.
The vaginal ring is almost 99% effective. This means that 1 in 100 women who use implants will get pregnant each year.

13. Sterilisation MALE- FEMALE
The tube that carries the sperm from the testicles is cut. This is a permanent operation (although it has been reversed in the past)
FEMALE
The fallopian tubes are cut. This is a permanent operation (although it has been reversed in the past)

14. Natural family planning (The Rhythm Method)
What is it? A method that teaches you when you can have sex without getting pregnant.
How does it work? By plotting the times of the month (menstrual cycle) when you’re fertile and when you’re not.
You learn how to record fertility signals such as your body temperature and your cervical secretions to identify when it’s safer to have sex. 
How effective is it? If it's used according to the teaching and instructions, natural family planning method is up to 98% effective, depending on what method is used. This means that up to two women in 100 will get pregnant in a year.
Added benefits? There are no physical side effects, and you can also use it to plan when you can get pregnant.
Drawbacks? You have to keep an every-day record of your fertility signals, such as temperature and cervical secretions. It takes three to six menstrual cycles to learn the method effectively.
You can’t to have sex during your fertile time (which lasts around eight days per month).

15. Female condom
Female condoms are like male condoms except they fit inside the vagina instead of covering the penis. They are 95% effective in preventing pregnancy if used correctly every time you have sex.
How does a female condom work?
The female condom lines the vagina and stops sperm getting into it.

16. Contraceptive injection
The hormone progestogen stops ovulation (release of an egg) and thickens the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to get into the womb.
The contraceptive injection is an injection containing the hormone progestogen. There are two types of injectable contraceptive, Depo-Provera which lasts for 12 weeks and Noristerat which lasts for 8 weeks. Depo-Provera is more usually used in the UK.

17. Different methods of contraception and reasons people use them
Read page 75
Choose 5 different types on contraception and explain
How they work
Why people use them
The problems with them
What is the only method of contraception that Catholics say is acceptable?
Do you think that contraception improves the quality of people’s lives?