Charlemagne and the Franks In this lesson, students will be able to identify effects of the fall of Rome as well as the rise of Charlemagne and the Franks. Students will be able to identify and/or define the following terms: Effects of the Fall of Rome Franks Charlemagne Feudalism V.oliver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpuveu-nihc V.oliver

13 European Middle Ages, 500–1200 HOME Time Line 500 1200 CHAPTER European Middle Ages, 500–1200 Time Line 732 Charles Martel stops Muslim invasion. 900s Outside invasions spur growth of feudalism. 1190 Holy Roman Empire weakens. 500 1200 511 Clovis unites Franks under Christian rule. 800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope. 962 Otto the Great crowned emperor. V.oliver

The fall of Rome brought many important changes to Western Europe. V.oliver

Warfare increased. Trade decreased. The “Dark Ages” began 500ce- 1500ce. V.oliver

Constant warfare sparked: Disruption of trade- businesses collapsed and breakdown of trade destroyed European cities, money became scarce Downfall of cities- cities were abandoned / Cities were abandoned Population shifts- nobles retreated to rural areas, and Rome left with no strong government, others fleeing to countryside to grow own food V.oliver

Decline of Learning Germanic invaders couldn’t read or write Learning among Romans sank as well as more families move to rural areas People like priests and church officials were literate Traditional reading of Roman and Greek philosophy and science stopped V.oliver

Germanic tribes had oral traditions - but no written language Mixed with the Roman population, Latin changed By 800s French, Spanish, and other Romance languages developed V.oliver

Germanic Kingdoms emerge Borders and government change as Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provinces V.oliver

Clovis was an important king of the Franks. The Franks were one of the largest Germanic tribes. V.oliver

Clovis and the Franks In A.D. 481, Clovis united the Franks and became their king. Clovis converted to the Roman Catholic faith. Essentially, the Franks blended Germanic and Roman cultural practices. V.oliver

Germanic Peoples Adopt Christianity Frankish rulers and missionaries spread Christianity To adapt to rural conditions, Churches built monasteries , or religious communities Christian men called monks gave up private possessions and became servants of God Women became nuns and lived in convents V.oliver

Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768 A.D. He conquered a vast empire and tried to recreate the glory of the Roman Empire. V.oliver

Roman Emperor In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to crush an unruly mob that attacked the Pope Pope Leo was so grateful that he crowned Charlemagne emperor The coronation was historic- a pope had claimed the right to award the title “Roman Emperor” to a European king Event signaled the joining of Germanic power, the Church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire V.oliver

Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor”. V.oliver

Importance of Learning One of Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishments was his praise of learning Surrounded himself with scholars of all languages Opened a palace school for his children and others Ordered monasteries to open schools and train future monks and priests V.oliver

During his reign, Charlemagne tried to recreate the Roman Empire. However, after his death, the empire declined. V.oliver

Questions for Reflection: Why did historians call the early Middle Ages the “Dark Ages”? Who was Clovis and how did his conversion affect the Franks? Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor”? V.oliver

The Rise of Feudalism While Charlemagne’s descendants were not able to recreate the glory of the Roman Empire, the Franks did greatly affect life in the Middle Ages. Indeed, the Frankish practice of giving land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service spread throughout Western Europe. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Riz5HdoHRE V.oliver

Feudalism Feudalism was the political and military system of the Middle Ages. In a feudal society, land is exchanged for military service and loyalty. The ownership of land was the basis or power. V.oliver

A fief was all of the Lord’s land. The manor was part of the fief. The manor was the part of the fief where the peasants farmed and the people lived. V.oliver

Manorialism Manorialism was the economic system of the Middle Ages. Manorialism is a self-sufficient economy. Everything that is necessary for life is created on the manor. Those who fought : nobles, knights, and kings Those who prayed : the Church’s Clergy (priests, bishops, monks) Those who worked : Peasants (serfs) Social class was usually inherited. V.oliver

Life during the Middle Ages was based on a series of exchanges. Lesser Lords obeyed more powerful Lords in exchange for land. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vCxXKS1gNo V.oliver

LORDS & NOBLES MONARCHS Became weaker after Charlemagne’s death Remained highest authority LORDS & NOBLES Lived on manors in castles Included powerful clergy Hunted, defended manor, oversaw serfs, & settled legal disputes

PEASANTS/SERFS KNIGHTS Trained warriors who studied warfare from the age of 7 Followed code of chivalry Exchanged military service for fief (an estate granted by a lord) PEASANTS/SERFS Freeman paid lord for use of land & could move around Serfs worked the land for the lord Serfs were poor & prisoners of the manor

Questions for Reflection: Why did peasants need protection after the fall of Rome? Why were serfs willing to offer their labor to lords? What was the relationship between lords and vassals? Define feudalism and manorialism. How does manorialism differ from our economic system? V.oliver

European vs. Japanese Feudalism – Copy the venn diagram into your notebook.

European vs. Japanese Feudalism During the same period of time, both the Japanese and the Europeans were utilizing Feudal systems. Both needed Feudalism to offer some sense of political organization and social structure when there was no one central government.

Feudalism: European vs. Japanese castles (protected manors)

Knights of Europe

Samurai of Japan The samurai were the members of the military class, the Japanese warriors. Foremost allegiance is to feudal lord. Always carried a sword and wore protective armor. Live by code of honor called bushido.

“Education of a Knight” See Diagram, “Education of a Knight” Text p. 328 1. Education At age 7 – began training as a “page” in a lord’s castle At age 14 – began training as a “squire” acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21 – becomes a knight ! V.oliver PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Saddles, stirrups, armor, 2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups, armor, high-flying missiles. 1. Education At age 7 – began training as a “page” in a lord’s castle At age 14 – began training as a “squire” acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21 – becomes a knight ! V.oliver PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

and in tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained and in shape. 2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups, armor, high-flying missiles. 1. Education At age 7 – began training as a “page” in a lord’s castle At age 14 – began training as a “squire” acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21 – becomes a knight ! 3. War games Fighting in local wars and in tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained and in shape. V.oliver

be loyal, brave, courteous; defend the “3 masters” your Lord God, 2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups, armor, high-flying missiles. 1. Education At age 7 – began training as a “page” in a lord’s castle At age 14 – began training as a “squire” acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21 – becomes a knight ! 4. Code of Chivalry be loyal, brave, courteous; defend the “3 masters” your Lord God, your feudal lord, and your lady; - protect the weak / poor. 3. War games Fighting in local wars and in tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained and in shape. Chivalry – a code of behavior / values for Medieval knights and lords. V.oliver

The lived in and protected home of feudal lords – 2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups, armor, high-flying missiles. 4. Code of Chivalry be loyal, brave, courteous; defend the “3 masters” your Lord God, your feudal lord, and your lady; - protect the weak / poor. 1. Education At age 7 – began training as a “page” in a lord’s castle At age 14 – began training as a “squire” acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21 – becomes a knight ! 3. War games Fighting in local wars and in tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained and in shape.                               5. Castles The lived in and protected home of feudal lords – designed as fortresses with massive walls and guard towers. Chivalry – a code of behavior / values for Medieval knights and lords. V.oliver

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EAMqKUimr8 V.oliver