Repair and Injury

Boils/Cold Sores Causes: Boils are often caused by infected hair follicles. Bacteria from the infection form an abscess. Boils most often happen where there is hair and rubbing. Symptoms: Usually self-diagnosable. Boils start as red, tender lumps. These fill with pus, grow, then rupture and drain. Treatment: Consists of self care. Warm compresses can help a boil mature and drain. Sometimes drainage by a doctor is needed

Athlete's Foot Definition: a fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes. It is a form of ringworm. Cause: You can catch the fungus through direct contact with an infected person, or by touching surfaces contaminated with the fungus. The fungus thrives in warm, moist environments. It’s commonly found in showers, on locker room floors, and around swimming pools. Treatment: Athlete’s foot can often be treated with over the counter (OTC)medication. Doctors may prescribe topical or oral prescription strength antifungal medications. An alternative treatment is Tea tree oil, it has been shown to have some success.

Dermatitis Definition: a condition of the skin in which it becomes red, swollen, and sore, sometimes with small blisters, resulting from direct irritation of the skin by an external agent or an allergic reaction to it. Cause: Contact dermatitis is caused by a substance you're exposed to that irritates your skin or triggers an allergic reaction Treatment: To reduce inflammation and heal the irritation of most types of dermatitis, a doctor usually recommends a prescription corticosteroid cream and might prescribe an oral antihistamine to relieve severe itching.

Impetigo A contagious bacterial skin infection forming pustules and yellow, crusty sores Causes: Bacteria Streptococcus Staphylococcus Bacteria enters the body through irritated, raw skin Symptoms: Small red spots, evolve into blisters Ooze fluid Crusty Increase in number and size Treatment: Antibiotic cream, ointment or pills Completely healed in one week

Psoriasis A skin disease marked by red, itchy, scaly patches Causes: Family history Immune irregularity The antibodies that fight off previous infections continue to attack normal cells The immune system is not regulated which causes: Overproduction of skin cells inflammation Symptoms: Red patches Small scaling spots Dry, cracked skin Itching, burning, soreness Treatment: Mild disease- use topical treatment Moderate- ultraviolet light treatment Severe disease- ultraviolet light treatment or systematic medicines

Burns (Rule of 9’s) Burns You can estimate the body surface area on an adult that has been burned by using multiples of 9. As an example, if both legs (18% x 2 = 36%), the groin (1%) and the front chest and abdomen were burned, this would involve 55% of the body. First Degree Burns Sunburn Involves first layer of skin only Local pain and redness Will heal without treatment Second Degree Burns Partial Thickness Bright red, moist surface Involves first and second layer of skin Tense, fluid-filled blisters Very painful Superficial second degree burns heal in 10-14 days Deep Second Degree Burn Involves first and second layer of skin Dry, waxy, white or dull red in color Blisters may be present Takes more than 10 days to heal Third Degree Burns Full Thickness Involves all layers of skin Dry surface Often leathery Tight swelling

Skin Cancer (ABCDE Rule) A: Asymmetry- One half of the mole doesn't match the other B: Border Irregularity C: Color- When the color is not uniform D: Diameter- When the diameter of the sight of possible skin cancer is greater than 6 mm E: Evolving: When the shape or color of the sight of possible skin cancer changes

Test Questions Answer: D Answer: C Answer: A Answer: B Answer: C 1.Which degree burn involves all the layers of the skin, and consists of tight swelling and dry, leathery skin? A. First degree burn B. Second degree burn C. Deep second degree burn D. Third degree burn Answer: D 2. Which disease is defined as a fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes? A. Psoriasis B. Dermatitis C. Athlete's foot D. Impetigo Answer: C 3. What does the "C" stand for in the ABCDE rule of skin cancer? A. Color B. Cause C. Common D. Circumference Answer: A 4. What does the rule of 9's mean when talking about burns? A. the degrees of burns B. the percentage of each section of the body C. the number of burns D. the number of times you can burn a spot on your body Answer: B 5. Boils are caused by: A. spilling boiling water on the skin B. picking at acne C. infected hair follicles D. open wounds Answer: C