1. Integumentary System Part 2: Skin Disorders
Chapter 5

2. Learning Goals 1) Explain why acne occurs, including its causes.
2) Describe MRSA and predict why people in hospitals are susceptible.
3) Compare and contrast the 3 degrees of skin burns, including what layer of skin is affected and the potential complications of burns.
4) Describe the risk factors for skin cancer and compare and contrast the 3 types of skin cancer.

3. Skin Disorders 1. Chronic Disorders 2. Infectious Disorders 3. Burns
4. Skin Cancers

4. I. Chronic Skin Disorders
Urticaria (Hives)
Raised, often itchy, red welts on skin surface
Usually due to an allergic reaction (to animal dander, insect bites, pollen, shellfish, nuts, eggs, milk)
Also caused by stress, extreme cold or hot, or illness

5. Eczema
Acute or chronic skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy rashes
Non-contagious
Dry, flaky, blistering skin appears red and inflamed
Intense itching and burning sensations
Can be triggered by allergic reactions to chemicals, fabrics, heat, dryness

6. Eczema

7. Dandruff (Seborrheic dermatitis)
Caused by a yeast
White, flaky, inflammatory skin condition
Often found on the scalp
Not contagious

8. Psoriasis Flaky, silver-white patches called scales
Redness and irritation
Genetic, chronis, non- contagious
The body produces too many new skin cells.
Normally skin cell turn around is ~30 days, but with psoriasis, turn over is around one week.

9. Psoriasis

10. Albinism Genetic disorder in which the body cannot produce melanin
Symptoms: absence of color in hair, skin, or iris; light sensitivity; prone to sunburn & skin cancer

11. II. Infectious Skin Disorders
Impetigo
Bacterial infection
Highly contagious
Causes blisters or sores on face and hands, rupture and form honey-colored crust
Common among kids

12. Acne
Caused by an overproduction of sebum/oil, leading to clogging of the pores
Clogged pores trap bacteria, dead skin cells, and pus (white blood cells)
Inflammation and swelling form red bumps
Pimples deep in the skin can form painful cysts

13. Normal hair follicle
Acne

14. Other causes of acne Genetics
Hormonal changes due to menstrual cycles (females) or stress
Greasy or oily cosmetic and hair products
Certain drugs (such as steroids, testosterone, estrogen)
High levels of humidity and sweating
Diets high in refined sugars

15. Athlete’s Foot Fungal infection
Very common on foot or other moist, warm areas of body
Fungus infects the upper layers of the skin, causing itching, cracking, and pain

16. Ringworm Not a worm, caused by fungus
Occurs in warm, moist areas with frequent wetness (such as from sweating) and minor injuries to your skin
Itchy, red, raised, scaly patches that may blister and ooze

17. Necrotizing Fasciitis
“Flesh-eating disease”
Very rare bacterial infection
Necrosis (death) of the subcutaneous layer of skin

18. MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
Staph infections are caused by bacteria
Staphylococcus bacteria normally lives on the skin with no problems
MRSA is a strain that is resistant to antibiotics and therefore very dangerous or deadly

19. Signs & Symptoms MRSA People in hospitals are most likely to get MRSA
Staph skin infections start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites
Quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that must be surgically drained
Sometimes the bacteria remain in the skin, but if it penetrates into the body, it can be life-threatening

20. III. Skin Burns
A burn is tissue damage which destroys cell proteins and cause cell death in the affected areas
Caused by:
Heat
Radiation (sunlight, tanning beds)
Chemicals
Electricity

21. Degrees of Burns 1st Degree Burn
Burns only the epidermis (ex. Sunburn)
Redness & Pain, no blistering

22. Are Tanning Beds Safer?
The salons say yes, but studies show tanning beds still increase the risk of cancer

23. 2nd Degree Burn Burns occur in the epidermis and some of the dermis
Redness, Pain, & blistering

24. 3rd Degree Burn The epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis are destroyed
Damage to the nerve endings (ex. Exposure to direct fire)

25. First Aid for Burns

26. Extent of Burns “Rule of Nines” Critical Burns
Body is divided into 11 regions (each accounting for 9% of total body area)
Critical Burns
Cover more than10% of
the body’s surface area
Burns on face, genitals,
or completely encircling
the hands or feet

28. Treatment of Critical Burns
Complications:
Infection, hypothermia, dehydration
Intense doses of intravenous fluids to replace electrolyte imbalance
Warm and isolated environment to reduce risk of infection
Skin graft can be done as soon as patient is stable

29. IV. Skin Cancer Risk Factors When to see your doctor:
Age (Older people)
Light-skin
Excessive sun exposure
Genetics (family history)
Chemical exposure
When to see your doctor:
If you have any of the warning signs, are older, or have a family history of skin cancer

30. Cancer Vocabulary
Cancer – abnormal division of a cell that has undergone a DNA mutation
Tumor – mass of mutated cells
Metastasis - the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another

32. Two Categories of Skin Cancer:
1) Non-Melanoma
Includes Basal cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma
2) Melanoma

33. Basal Cell Carcinoma Most common skin cancer
Occurs – in sun-exposed areas
Appearance – pearly or waxy bump or a flat, flesh-colored or brown scar- like legion
Treatment – cryosurgery, surgical removal
95% of patients easily cured,
but it may come back

34. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Five times less common than basal cell carcinoma, but more likely to spread to nearby organs
Occurs – on sun-exposed areas
Appearance – firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface
Treatment – cryosurgery,
surgical removal,
medication

35. Melanoma
Most dangerous skin cancer because it can metastasize (spread) and lead to death
Occurs – anywhere on body’s skin
Appearance – large brownish spot with darker speckles or a mole that changes in color, size or bleeds
Men – on trunk, head or neck
Women – lower legs
Treatment – surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy