Please have your “Lincoln Crossroads” packet and mind maps out

Civil War 1861-65 How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? (#4) Put examples on top of note sheet

Business to take care of: Have mind map and rubric out Have Lincoln Crossroads out Put answer for #4 on the top of today’s note sheet Vote for top three mind maps on a sheet of paper (not yours) Hand all 3 in separately HW: Unit 4 Summary (multiple choice test Thursday)

The Union and Confederacy

Confederate President Jefferson Davis Union President Abraham Lincoln

LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS I hold, that in contemplation of universal law, and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper, ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Goal in War: preserve the Union

April 1861- Sumter

Advantages, Disadvantages

North strategy- “Anaconda” Blockade: No exports of cotton; economy strangled No imports of food, materials Mississippi Cut Confederacy in 2 Richmond The capital

Northern strategy: “Anaconda” Blockade Mississippi Richmond

Confederate strategy Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack All they have to do is “not lose” “War of attrition” Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers North will lose the will to fight Europe will side with them (cotton) Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day; Gettysburg: @ 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation 1861- 1862- Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee Late summer ’62- Army on a roll… INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would… Start uprising in Maryland Convince Europe to support South Get food for army

Union Doesn’t know where Lee is… Secret plans found on cigar

Antietam 40,000 Confederates 100,000 Union September 1862 Northern Maryland

1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

By day’s end 12,000 Union casualties 14,000 Confederate casualties

September 17, 1862 Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties 3,654 Dead 2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

Antietam National Cemetary

Lee’s retreat 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties Retreats (limps) back to south Invasion a failure Northern “victory”

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln Has his victory- in a position of strength Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62 Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…” Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief”

***How does this solve all 4 problems above? Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? 4 reasons:   ***How does this solve all 4 problems above? #1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede May seem an act of desperation Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so?

After 1/1 1863, war turns into one over slavery

July 1863- turning point of the war: Grant in the west… All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

Vicksburg Bend in the Mississippi

Grant’s risky campaign March to May 1863 Crosses Miss. South of V’burg 3 week campaign cut off from supplies… Attacks Jackson first

Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863 2,800 shells a day for 47 days; (on average, one every 30 secs) Starvation…. Dogs…. Horses….. Mules…… shoe leather July 4, 1863- 30,000 Confederates surrender Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

Summer 1863- The turning point of the war Gettysburg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6UWgqMnY-Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ALyq3seK2g The speech

Importance of 1863 July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again July 4, 1863- Vicksburg surrendered Mississippi River now in Union hands

Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Address http://www. youtube. com/watch