Mutations

Mutation Mutation- heritable change in genetic information Point mutations Change in 1 or a few nucleotides Includes Substitutions Insertions Deletions

Substitution Substitution: One nucleotide base changed to a different base Usually just affect 1 amino acid, most of the time harmless CCC  CCA: proline CCC  ACC: proline replaced with threonine

Insertions & Deletions Insertions & deletions  frameshift mutations One base inserted or removed More serious consequences Bases still read in groups of 3, “reading frame” shifted Every following amino acid changed Stop