1. Mutations

2. Mutation:
________________________________________________
mistakes in
completed DNA are
1 in 1 billion

3. Chromosomal Alterations
Chromosomal mutations--______________________________________________________________
Are especially common in plants.
4 main types— _______________________________________________________________________

5. When do mutations affect the next generation?
_________________
single base change
base-pair substitution
_______________
no amino acid change
redundancy in code
missense
______________
________________
change to stop codon
When do mutations affect the next generation?

6. Point mutation leads to Sickle cell anemia
What kind of mutation?
Missense!

7. Sickle cell anemia Primarily Africans recessive inheritance pattern
strikes 1 out of 400 African Americans

8. Mutations _______________ shift in the reading frame deletions
changes everything “downstream”
Not usually triplets anymore
adding base(s)
deletions

9. Point vs. Frameshift Mutations
Which type of mutation is more serious?
________________________________________________________________
Point mutation affects only the amino acid at the mutation