Bacterial Diseases

Lyme Disease Cause: Borrelia burgdorferi Symptoms: fever, fatigue, headaches, muscle aches, joint aches, Bulls-eye shaped rash Transmission: tick bite Treatment: antibiotics

Tetanus (Lock jaw) Cause: Clostridium tetani Toxins released by bacteria interfere with nervous system Symptoms: Severe muscle spasms and possibly death Transmission: Commonly contracted from deep puncture wound or self-piercing with contaminated materials

Tetanus (Lock jaw) Treatment: Clean wound Mild: given antibodies against it, with antibiotics, and a vaccine Severe: same as above, muscle relaxers or even paralytic drugs to stop the spasming

Tuberculosis (TB) Affects nearly 1/3 of the world’s population Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis Symptoms: Fatigue, weight loss, fever, chronic cough Tubercles form in lungs (dormant form) Transmission: Spread through cough Treatment: long term antibiotic treatment (6-12 months)

Gonorrhea Cause: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Male symptoms: Female symptoms: Thick, foul-smelling discharge from penis Painful urination Testiculur and abdominal pain Female symptoms: Pus-like vaginal discharge Pain urinating Bleeding after intercourse Transmission: oral, anal, or vaginal sex Treatment: with antibiotics

Chlamydia One of the most common STIs on college campuses Transmission: oral, anal, or vaginal sex; mother to child during childbirth through vaginal canal Treatment: with antibiotics One of the most common STIs on college campuses Cause: Chlamydia trachomatis Symptoms: Burning during urination, discharge from the penis or vagina, pain and itching

Strep Throat Cause: Streptococcus pyogenes, certain strains cause scarlet fever and Toxic Shock Syndrome Symptoms: fever, sore throat, swollen glands Transmission: respiratory droplets (coughing sneezing) Treatment: antibiotics can cause it to go away faster Purple  gram +

Tooth Decay Cause: Streptococcus mutans, bacteria doubles in 24 hours Symptoms: Destruction of tooth enamel Transmission: resident in mouth Treatment: brush and floss daily

Bacterial meningitis Cause: Neisseria meningitis Symptoms: high fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, fatigue Transmission: most common in college dorms Treatment: antibiotics, early detection is essential

Anthrax Used in Bioterrorism Cause: Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacteria Transmission/Symptoms of varying types: Spread by eating undercooked meat (vomiting and diarrhea, possible death) breathing in spores (usually fatal) skin contact (ulcers, rashes, not fatal) Treatment: oral and IV antibiotics

Botulism- food poisoning Cause: Clostridium botulinum Symptoms: blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, paralysis Transmission: From a wound, contaminated food Treatment: antibiotics FACTOID: Botox is a toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum

Staphylococcus aureus Pets can carry bacteria as well! Staphylococcus aureus Gram + Cause: Staphylococcus aureus Symptoms: nausea, cramping, retching; some individuals may not show symptoms Transmission: eating contaminated food, contaminated air, individuals and surfaces PETS!