World History Chapter 30 World War II Section 1 Threats to World Peace State Standard 7.12.17

Key Vocabulary Kellogg-Briand Pact Osachi Hamaguchi Falange Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco International Brigades Militarism Fascism State Standard 7.12.17

More “Isms” Fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. Militarism: the tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military. Dictionary.com State Standard 7.12.17

Japanese Aggression in Asia The Kellogg-Briand Pact made war illegal. Japan made one of the first challenges to the pact. In 1930 Japan’s Prime Minister, Osachi Hamaguchi, was fatally shot. In September 1931 a small group of Japanese army officers staged a fake attack on the railway near Makden in Manchuria and blamed China In 1937 the Japanese army captured the city of Beijing. By 1939 the Japanese controlled about one fourth of China. The message was clear to Japan: there will be no direct efforts to stop you. State Standard 7.12.17

Italy’s Conquest of Ethiopia Ethiopia (independent) became the target of Mussolini’s aggressive goals. In 1935 Italian forces invaded and defeated the Ethiopian army. In 1936 Mussolini announced Ethiopia was part of the Italian Empire. The message was again made clear to Italy: no one is going to stop you State Standard 7.12.17

No Major Intervention? Economic sanctions did very little Great Depression Still tainted by memories of WWI Little enforcement by the League of Nations Economic sanctions did very little State Standard 7.12.17

Civil War in Spain After World War I political instability increased in Spain. In 1923 rebels overthrew the government and set up a military dictatorship. Spain’s new leaders planned to preserve power of the landowners, army, and church State Standard 7.12.17

Nationalists versus Loyalists The Falange was the fascist party in Spain. In the summer of 1936, Falangist uprisings led to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The Falangist rebels were led by Francisco Franco; Nationalists. Loyalists: Supported the republic State Standard 7.12.17

Foreign Assistance to Spain The Spanish Civil War soon grew into a small European War. Germany and Italy sent fully equipped military units to Spain to bolster the Falangist rebels. International Brigade – idealistic antifascist volunteers such as U.S., Great Britain, and France The Falangists won the war in 1939 and set up a fascist dictatorship. 500,000 to 1 million died during the three years of civil war State Standard 7.12.17

Communism v. Fascism Chart Edge of War: Hitler’s False Flag State Standard 7.12.17

Chapter 30 Section 1 Homework Chapter 30 Section 1 Review # 1 – 2 on page 785. State Standard 7.12.17