The Harlem Renaissance P. 452-459

Objectives Identify the causes and results of the migration of African American to Northern cities in the early 1900s Describe the prolific African-American artistic activity that became known as the Harlem Renaissance

African-American Voices in the 1920s The Move North The Great Migration The movement of hundreds of thousands of African- Americans north to big cities in search for jobs 5.2 m of 12 m African American 25 race urban race riots 56.7% 43.3%

African-American Voices in the 1920s African-American Goals Founded in 1909 Urged AAs to protest racial violence W.E.B. De Bois led a 10,000 strong march in NYC National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) James Weldon Johnson NAACP Executive Secretary Push for antilynching laws 3 bills made where introduced to Congress, by none passed NAACP began to represent a new, more militant voice

African-American Voices in the 1920s Marcus Garvey and the UNIA Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Founded 1914 Mid-1920s Garvey claimed to have a million followers Promoted AA business Encouraged a return to Africa to help natives remove colonial oppressors, and build a mighty nation Appeal for the movement dwindled when Garvey was convicted of mail fraud and jailed Marcus Garvey Jamaican immigrant Believed that AAs should build a separate society

The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York Literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American culture African-American Writers Well-educated, middle class who were expressing a new pride in the African-American experience Tails of being black in a white world The New Negro Collection of literary works by many promising young African-American writers

The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York African-American Writers (cont.) Claude McKay Novelist, poet Militant verse that spoke about resisting prejudice and discrimination Pain of life in the black ghetto Cane Mix of poems and sketches about black in the South and North Langston Hughes Best known poet Difficult lives of the working class Some moved to the tempo of jazz and the blue

The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New York African-American and Jazz Jazz Started in New Orleans in the early 20th century Joe “King” Oliver & the Creole Jazz Band Travel to Chicago in 1922 Joined by Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong Made expression a key part to jazz Became perhaps the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington Jazz pianist and composer Led his 10 piece orchestra at the Cotton Club a whites-only establishment even though it featured many of the best black entertainers and jazz musicians of the era