Industrialization

Urbanization City building and the movement of people Grew around factories Where jobs were Markets Number of cities with over 100,000 people doubles New social classes form

How did living conditions change? Poor city dwellers Disgusting environment Rapid urbanization; housing and sanitation did not keep pace Factory workers 14 hours a day 6 days a week Injuries and disease Children Worked in factories

The Jungle “Let a man so much as scrape his finger pushing a truck in the pickle-rooms, and he might have a sore that would put him out of the world; all the joints in his fingers might be eaten by the acid, one by one. Of the butchers and floorsmen, the beef-boners and trimmers, and all those who used knives, you could scarcely find a person who had the use of his thumb; time and time again the base of it had been slashed, till it was a mere lump of flesh against which the man pressed the knife to hold it. The hands of these men would be criss-crossed with cuts, until you could no longer pretend to count them or to trace them. They would have no nails,—they had worn them off pulling hides; their knuckles were swollen so that their fingers spread out like a fan. There were men who worked in the cooking-rooms, in the midst of steam and sickening odors, by artificial light; in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years, but the supply was renewed every hour.”

Living Conditions Continued Wealthy merchants Business world wealth Just as rich as aristocrats Lower middle class Neither rich nor poor Comfortable living Large landowners and aristocrats Saw themselves as better than the wealthy merchants

Effects Positive Negative New Jobs Class Resentment Middle Class Dirty and unsafe factories/working conditions Technological progress and innovation Exploited workers Cheaper goods Polluted air and water Improved standard of living; increase need for education Tax revenue

Industrialization United States Slater brings designs over Move from rural homes to the northeast cities Rise of Corporations Corporations have stockholders; stock is a piece of ownership of a company Robber Barons Belgium Adopted British technology Designs smuggled in Germany Pockets of industry due to isolationism Built railroads linking resources

Global Inequality Gap between industrialized and non-industrialized widens See poorer nations as a constant source of raw materials; turn around and sell them products Imperialism In a way we still do this Gives Europe enormous power Revolutionized life Wealth, population, health, education etc.

How the Other Half Lives “Long ago it was said that "one half of the world does not know how the other half lives." That was true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the fate of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep its own seat. There came a time when the discomfort and consequent upheavals so violent, that it was no longer an easy thing to do, and then the upper half fell to inquiring what was the matter. Information on the subject has been accumulating rapidly since, and the whole world has had its hands full answering for its old ignorance.”