1. The Industrial Revolution 1700’s
Period in which production of goods shifted from using hand tools to using power-driven machines and from human and animal power to steam power

2. Factory System & Mass Production
Factories
- first in textile (cloth) industry
- pay more than farms
- Mass production  better quality and lower price
Industrial Cities (urbanization)
Growing pop = more workers + markets

4. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Before = policy of mercantilism
During = switch to capitalism
- supply and demand  competition
- Adam Smith’s theory of laissez faire (hands off)

6. Effects of Industrialization
Working Conditions
new jobs
dirty, unsafe, and dangerous
child labor
factory bosses exercised harsh discipline
Long-Term Effect reform policies improve conditions

7. Effects of Industrialization
Social Classes
proletariat  overworked and underpaid laborers
lower middle class  overseers, skilled workers
upper middle class  factory owner, merchant, banker
upper class  resentment b/c mid class gaining wealth
Long-Term Effect Standard of living generally rose

8. Class Tensions Grow Middle Class vs. Working Class
proletariat  factory owners
bankers, merchants, industrialists, Comfortable standard of living
men work, women stayed home, children chance at education
Working Class
little improvement in standard of living
replaced by machines unemployment
Men, women, and children had to work to support family ** most children not educated

9. Effects of Industrialization
Urbanization
largest pop transfer in history
lack of sanitary codes or building controls
housing, water, and social services were scarce
epidemics swept through cities
Long-Term Effect create jobs, food, clothing, energy

10. Reforms & Legislation Abolition of Slavery  jobs/wages for workers
Factory Regulations Act of 1833 [result of Sadler Commission]
year olds: 8 hr workday for
year olds: 12 hr workday
New Poor Law [1824]  indoor relief  poor houses
Mines Act [1842]
- under 10 years old: no underground work
British Reform Bill  extends voting rights

13. Labor Unions workers form organizations to push for reforms
collective bargaining  negotiate for higher pay and better conditions
strike [work stoppage] if demands not met
- Labor Unions were illegal in GB from

14. Global Impact 1850 spreads globally leads to increased… - competition
- trade

15. Railroads [1880]