President George Washington

Precedents Set By Washington Two-Term Limit Title of President Cabinet

Washington’s Cabinet Secretary of State: John Jay, then Thomas Jefferson Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton Secretary of War: General Henry Knox Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: John Jay

Hamilton and the National Bank Hamilton establishes a National Bank Use of implied powers The elastic clause Jefferson and Madison do not approve Arguments over strict or loose interpretation of Constitution

Test of New Constitution Is Successful! Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton needs more money! Decides to use a tax On liquor-whiskey Farmers rebel! Government successful in putting down rebellion Test of New Constitution Is Successful!

Jay’s Treaty Treaty with Britain Opened British ports in West Indies Ended, temporarily, impressment of American sailors into British navy

American Neutrality Washington does not form alliances Ignores France’s need for ally Farewell Address: he warns of “entangling alliances” with foreign powers

Political Parties Form (Washington warned against them) Democratic-Republicans Jefferson , Madison Weak national gov’t Agricultural economy Supported by farmers, artisans, & frontier settlers in South Federalists Adams, Hamilton Strong, central gov’t Industrial economy Supported by bankers & business interests in Northeast

Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson won! John Adams lost Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican John Adams lost Adams was the current President Adams was a Federalist First Time Power Transferred Peacefully from one political power to another

Jefferson President of United States (1800) First American Presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another

Key Supreme Court Decisions Marbury v. Madison Judicial Review Established the Court to declare laws unconstitutional U.S. Supreme Court is the final interpreter of the Constitution McCulloch v. Maryland “the power to tax is the power to destroy” States prohibited from taxing federal agencies

Louisiana Purchase Jefferson purchases the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 Doubles the size of the U.S. Authorizes the Lewis and Clark expedition

Lewis & Clark Expedition Explore new territory: Louisiana Purchase West of Mississippi To Rocky Mountains (They explored to Pacific Ocean) Sacajawea Acts as guide & translator

War of 1812 How does war get started? Madison declares war on Britain Britain was interfering with 1) American shipping (trade) 2) American western expansion Madison declares war on Britain

War of 1812: How did Federalists Respond? Federalists opposed Madison’s decision to go to war Federalists talked about secession (leaving the Union) Federalists proposed (suggested) adding amendments to the Constitution What did the Federalists actually do about it? Nothing!

War of 1812 Victory! Americans claim Oregon Territory Increased migration into Florida Florida is eventually acquired from Spain by treaty

Gibbons vs. Ogden Oh yes, another Supreme Court case folks!! Established the Supreme Court’s ability to regulate competing business interests between the states.

Monroe Doctrine (1823): 4 Basic Principles North & South America should not be considered for future colonization by any European powers

Monroe Doctrine (1823) Nations in the Western Hemisphere were inherently different from those of Europe, republics by nature rather than monarchies

Monroe Doctrine (1823) United States would regard as a threat to its own peace & safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere

Monroe Doctrine (1823) United States would not interfere in European affairs

Summary Activity