Return to The Moon: An International Perspective Dr David Parker – Director of Human and Robotic Exploration SPI/USRA Return to the Moon, 28 March 2018

Challenge driven innovation Why Explore ? New knowledge Challenge driven innovation Global partners Inspiration ESA Exploration strategy agreed in 2014 after extensive consultation Strategy has three destinations: LEO; Moon; Mars

Back to the Moon ISS transiting the Moon, October 2016 https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap161114.html

1-2 years ~ 1 week Mars challenges: propulsion safety/security physical health psychology radiation communication …

The Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Coordination April 2007

Global Exploration Roadmap V3

ESA Exploration Envelope Programme (E3P) Programme approved at ESA’s 2016 Council Meeting at Ministerial Level Delivering the 2014 European Exploration Strategy Open-ended programme, integrating existing and new ESA exploration activities Humans and robots LEO, Moon, and Mars Internationally coordinated (Global Exploration Roadmap)

E3P First Period (2017-2019) Europe aboard the ISS World-class science in space Propulsion & power for first 2 Orion missions First Mars life-search rover Taking Europe to lunar surface Tomorrow’smissions and tech Increased synergy between robotic and human exploration ESA works on integrating all activities which implement the ESA Space Exploration Strategy into a single programmatic framework. 8

Roscosmos/ESA Luna Resurs Lander European PILOT precision landing system PROSPECT drill and sample analysis system currently at PDR for 2023 launch Luna-27 / Luna Resurs with ESA Prospect drill HERACLES lunar sample return

Initiates sustainable human exploration of Moon and deep space Beyond LEO Human Exploration Lunar Orbital Platform (Deep Space Gateway) Initiates sustainable human exploration of Moon and deep space

Candidate Opportunity Mission: Commercial Lunar Missions Goal: Create first European BLEO exploration service businesses (communication, navigation, operations, transportation to lunar orbit/surface) From today … 2025 future European contenders ESA anchor customer Global players SSTL/GES PTScientists Others Procurement of services for ESA’s ISRU mission Payload opportunities European commercial services

Candidate Tech Demo Mission: ISRU Goal: Produce drinkable water and/or breathable oxygen on the Moon by 2025 Implementation Engagement of new industrial sectors through partnerships Procured as commercial services (CM19 decision) for payload delivery & lunar communications through private-sector developed key capabilities Coordinated with international Partners Outcomes Validated ISRU technologies plus related science return Vibrant European ISRU community Test commercial services/ new procurement approach Evidence that exploration can be enabled ‘living off the land’

Cornerstone Candidate: Precursor for Human Lunar Exploration Goal: By 2030 demonstrate integrated human-robotic mission scenario in preparation of human lunar surface exploration Implementation Current study partnership of CSA + JAXA + ESA Leverage on Orion, DSG and commercial services Decision on definition phase at CM19 Outcome Return of lunar samples from multiple diverse locations Demonstration of long range surface mobility and tele-ops Risk reduction for human missions Establishment of logistic cargo lander Partnership and roles for human mission scenario

Lunar Mission Logic

http://blamventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Space_1999_bw.png

open concept: not a single project not a fixed end-to-end plan not a fully regulated installation not a fixed cooperation scheme not a defined time table but open architecture free and open access international community defined interfaces where needed

Moon Village open concept: Moon surface operations International Human & robotic Public & private Exploration Pioneering Outreach /STE(A)M Moon Science Cosmology /astronomy Fundamental research Technology Transportation Communication Logistics Resource management Planetary defense Stepping stone… Moon Village

offers communication transportation navigation landing science mining broker offers Agency A Company B University C Investor D

requests communication transportation navigation landing science mining broker requests Agency A Company B University C Investor D

Chain of Motivation fascination inspiration motivation

THE European Space Agency ESA: THE European Space Agency http://youbenefit.spaceflight.esa.int/ Benefit management to better deliver exploration results to society. Curiosity driven search for new frontiers is the aspirational driver for exploration. But, let’s also be pragmatic and not forget/neglect the collaterals: (socio- economic) benefits. Implement a Benefit Management process to deliver E3P against the 4 Strategic Goals. Knowledge generation Economic Growth Global Cooperation Inspiration to expand our limits. From immediate to ultimate benefits: direct programme outcomes  downstream benefits  Sustainable development goals