1. The Global Exploration Roadmap Considerations on Life Support International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG) Francois Spiero, CNES Co-chair, ISECG Science Working Group ISLSWG Life Support Workshop, May 19, 2015 19 May 2015

2. About ISECG  ISECG is a non-political agency coordination forum of 14 space agencies Website: www.globalspaceexploration.orgwww.globalspaceexploration.org  Work collectively in a non-binding, consensus-driven manner towards advancing the Global Exploration Strategy Provide a forum for discussion of interests, objectives and plans Provide a forum for development of conceptual products Enable the multilateral or bilateral partnerships necessary to accomplish complex exploration missions Promote interest and engagement in space exploration among citizens and society  ISECG operating principles Open and inclusive Flexible and evolutionary Effective Mutual interest 19 May 2015 2

3. About the Global Exploration Roadmap  The GER is a human space exploration roadmap, recognizing the criticality of increasing synergies with robotic missions while demonstrating the unique and important role humans play in realizing societal benefits  The non-binding document reflects a framework for agency exploration discussions on: Common goals and objectives Long-range mission scenarios and architectures Opportunities for near-term coordination and cooperation on preparatory activities  Since release of updated GER in August 2013, participating agencies have continued discussions and joint work in several areas which are of mutual interest China (CNSA) has joined the dialog Increase understanding of design reference missions for early mission themes  Highlighting opportunities for the science community with a dedicated Science White Paper and within the GER itself is a priority 19 May 2015 3

4. The Global Exploration Roadmap 19 May 2015 4

5. GER Mission Scenario Near-Earth Objects Moon Mars Lunar Vicinity Evolvable Deep Space Habitat Initial Cargo Delivery Extended Duration Crew Missions Beyond Low-Earth Orbit Low-Earth Orbit International Space Station 2020 2030 Russian Piloted System Orion & SLS Test Missions Orion & SLS (Upgrade) Commercial or Government-Owned Platforms Small Cargo Lander Human-Assisted Sample Return Human Surface Mobility Rosetta Hayabusa-2 (Sample Return) OSIRIS-REx (Sample Return) Apophis Potential Commercial Opportunities Human Scale EDL Test Mission Opportunities Orion & SLS (Upgrade) Sustainable Human Missions to the Mars System Mars Sample Return Mission Opportunities Human-Assisted Sample Return Robotic Mission Human Mission Cargo Mission Multi-Destination Transportation Capabilities (Planned and Conceptual) Icon indicates first use opportunity. Commercial/Institutional launchers not shown. MAVEN ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission ExoMars 2016 ExoMars 2018 InSight Mars 2020 JAXA Mars Precursor Asteroid Redirection Advanced Electric Propulsion Chandrayaan-2 LADEE Luna 25 Luna 26 Luna 27 SELENE-2 Luna 28/29 (Sample Return) RESOLVE SELENE-3 Staging Post for Crew to Lunar Surface Humans to Lunar Surface Crewed Lunar Lander Explore Near Earth Asteroid 15 May 2015 5

6. GER Mission Themes 19 May 2015 6

7. GER Preparatory Activities Use of the ISS for Exploration Robotic Missions Advanced Technologies New Space Systems & Infrastructure Analogues to Simulate Exploration Destinations Health and Human Performance Risks Credit: NASA Credit: ESA/NASA Credit: NASA Credit: AMASE/K.O. Storvik Credit: NASA Credit: DLR 19 May 2015 7

8. GER Framework: Ongoing Work  Long Range Exploration Strategy Advance definition of early mission concepts (by individual agencies or ISECG) -NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission -Extended Duration Missions -Lunar Surface missions Advance mission concepts which build on human-robotic exploration partnership -Human-Assisted Sample Return -Coordinated Assessment of Polar Volatiles Standards to promote interoperability  Opportunities for Coordination and Cooperation Advanced technologies 19 May 2015 8

9. GER Framework: Outlook  ISECG is committed to engage in a global roadmapping process with regular iterations of GER to strengthen the global efforts to realize human and robotic missions  Next update envisioned to include: Updated view of planned missions Further elaboration of concepts for early mission themes -Lunar vicinity and lunar surface Innovative ideas received from global stakeholder engagement  Next update expected mid-2016 Science White Paper will be a companion document 19 May 2015 GER 3 9

10. 19 May 2015 Life Support Considerations in the GER-2 19 May 2015 10  Key Objectives in : Exploration Technologies and Capabilities: ‘Develop and test high-performance mobility, extravehicular activity, life support, and habitation capabilities’ + Develop ‘Closed-Loop & High Reliability Life Support Systems’ Extend Human Presence: ‘Increase the self-sufficiency of humans in space’  Human Exploration Preparatory Activities – Life Support Section ‘Living in space for long durations with little or no resupply of water and oxygen is a fundamental capability that is being matured through day-to-day operations on the only platform capable of the task – the ISS. This is because the technologies dealing with gases and liquids are highly dependent on the gravity environment. The ISS Programme is using routine upgrades of the current life support systems to increase operational availability and reduce system mass, consumables, and power needs beyond the current technology. Alternate prototype technologies for exploration missions, such as Amine Swingbed carbon dioxide removal, are also operating on the ISS. The Amine Swingbed technology is targeted for use on the Orion.’

11. Human Mars Mission Risk Reduction Table in GER-2 19 May 2015 11