Human Body Systems Study Guide Answer Key

Human body organization

1. List the levels of organization in the human body, starting with the smallest unit. Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems (aka body system) Organism (aka body)

The basic unit of structure and function in a living thing is a(n) . What is a tissue? A structure that is made of different types of tissues is a(n) . Circle the letter of the unit of organization that represents an organ. cell A group of cells working together for a common function. organ C. Heart

7. Match the organ system with its function. 6. What is an organ system? An organ system is a group of organs working together for a common function. 7. Match the organ system with its function. Organ System Function Circulatory a. Takes oxygen into the body Excretory b. Supports and protects the body Integumentary c. Removes waste Respiratory d. Provides coverings for the body Digestive e. Takes food into the body and breaks it down Skeletal f. Transports materials to and from body cells F C D A E B

The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment is called How does your body maintain a constant temperature on a hot day? homeostasis The sweat glands in your skin release sweat to help cool the surface of your skin and your blood vessel dilate (get bigger) and move closer to the surface of your skin to release the heat being carried in your blood.

Circulatory system

Label the diagram of the heart. Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Right atrium Left atrium Inferior vena cava Left ventricle Right ventricle

Respiratory system

Nose Epiglottis Trachea Lung Bronchus Alveoli Diaphragm

Nose Trachea Epiglottis Alveoli Lungs Diaphragm Bronchus 8. warms and moistens air; filters dust particles 9. transports air to the lungs 10. prevents food from entering the trachea 11. oxygen passes into the capillaries 12. Organs made up of masses of alveoli 13. A sheet of muscle across the bottom of the chest cavity 14. A division of the trachea Trachea Epiglottis Alveoli Lungs Diaphragm Bronchus

Digestive system

Mouth: Mechanical digestion of food (chewing) Esophagus: Carries the food from the mouth to the stomach Stomach: Chemical digestion of food Small intestine: Continues last stages of digestion, absorbs nutrients for the rest of the body Large intestine: Holds the remainder of food (waste); absorbs water from food; eliminates waste

Mouth Esophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Gallbladder Large intestine Small intestine Rectum

Nervous system

Neuron: brain cells; carries messages from brain throughout the rest of the body Dendrite: the part of the neuron that receives messages Axon: the part of the neuron that sends messages Synapse: The space between the dendrite of one cell and the axon of another cell where information is transferred

Neuron Dendrite Axon Synapse

Muscular system

Thigh Upper Arm Intestine Heart Calf Skeletal Voluntary Skeletal Think of the type of muscle associated with each of the following body parts. Indicate the type of muscle and whether it is voluntary or involuntary. Thigh Upper Arm Intestine Heart Calf Skeletal Voluntary Skeletal Voluntary Involuntary Smooth Cardiac Involuntary Skeletal Involuntary

Excretory system

Aorta Renal vein Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra

Skeletal system

Main Functions Support Movement Protection Production of blood cells Storage of minerals

Integumentary system

Main Functions Protection Temperature regulation Sensation (feeling/physical touch) Production of vitamin D