1. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
There are three major functions of the circulatory system.
transporting blood, gases, nutrients
collecting waste materials
maintaining body temperature
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood

2. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Includes:
- Heart
Veins
Arteries
Blood
Capillaries
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood

3. The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.
The system includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
heart pumps blood throughout body
arteries move blood away from heart
veins move blood back to heart
capillaries get blood to and from cells
veins
arteries

4. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles.
Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood.
aortic valve
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
septum
pulmonary valve
right atrium
tricuspid
right ventricle
Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping action.

5. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
KEY CONCEPT The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.
Mouth, Nose, Trachea, Lungs, Diaphragm
nose
sinus
mouth
epiglottis
trachea
lungs

7. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib cage.
Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Air inhaled.
Muscles contract and
rib cage expands.
Diaphragm flattens
and moves downward.
Air exhaled.
Muscles and
rib cage relax.
Diaphragm relaxes
and rises.

8. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.

9. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

10. Several digestive organs work together to break down food.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Several digestive organs work together to break down food.
The digestive system breaks down food into energy cells can use.
After digestion is complete, nutrients are absorbed and transported to all cells.
Undigested materials are eliminated as liquid and solid wastes.
mouth
esophagus
liver
gallbladder
large intestine
small intestine
rectum/anus

11. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth.
Digestion of proteins occurs in the stomach.
Digestion of fats and sugars occur in the small intestine.

12. Digestion is completed in part of the small intestine.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestion is completed in part of the small intestine.
Most digestion takes place in the beginning of the SI.
The pancreas, liver, and gallbladder aid in digestion.
pancreas helps digest fat and protein
bile from the liver/gallbladder helps digest fats
liver
stomach
bile
chyme
bile
enzymes
gallbladder
pancreas
duodenum

13. Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
Three structures in the small intestine help absorb nutrients.
folded lining: adds surface area, slows food
villi: absorb nutrients
microvilli: cover villi, absorb nutrients

14. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Water is absorbed and solid wastes are eliminated from the large intestine.
The colon helps to maintain the body’s fluid balance.
Undigested material forms the solid feces.
stored in rectum
eliminated through anus
large intestine
rectum/anus

15. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The large intestine contains many bacteria.
some synthesize important vitamins
Some, like E. coli, can cause illness

16. The excretory system eliminates nonsolid wastes from the body.
Nonsolid wastes are eliminated through lungs, skin, and kidneys.
Lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Sweat glands in skin release excess water and salts.
Kidneys filter and clean the blood to produce urine.
skin
lungs
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

17. THE SKELETALSYSTEM
The skeletal system protects, supports, and moves the body.

18. THE SKELETALSYSTEM
Your skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments,

19. THE SKELETALSYSTEM Cartilage is connective tissue between bones.
cushions bones
allows for smooth movement
connect two bones
cartilage

20. Bones connect to form joints.
THE SKELETALSYSTEM
Bones connect to form joints.
Joints are places were two bones meet.
There are three types of joints.
fibrous, which does not allow for movement
fibrous joint

21. THE SKELETALSYSTEM
Ligaments are long bands of tissue that connect bones across a joint.
ligament

22. Bones are living tissue.
THE SKELETALSYSTEM
Bones are living tissue.
Bone is made of compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue.
Compact bone
Spongy bone

23. Spongy bone protects red or yellow bone marrow.
Red bone marrow produces blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat.
Periosteum
A layer of connective
tissue that covers bone
Red bone marrow

24. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The muscular system moves substances throughout the body.
Muscles are tissues that can contract, enabling movement.
bones of the skeletal system
food through digestive system
blood through circulatory system
fluids through excretory system

25. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM There are three types of muscle tissue.
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE

26. Skeletal muscle attaches to the skeleton by tendons.
Tendons connect muscle to bone.
Skeletal muscles are mostly voluntary.
SKELETAL MUSCLE

27. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Smooth muscle lines organs and is involuntary.
move food through digestive organs
empty liquid from the bladder
control width of blood vessels
Smooth muscle
around this artery allows the
artery to regulate blood flow
by shrinking and expanding.
SMOOTH MUSCLE

28. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
pumps blood throughout body
controlled by pacemaker
contains more mitochondria than skeletal muscle cells
CARDIAC MUSCLE

29. The integumentary system helps maintain homeostasis.
The integument is the body system that surrounds all your other organ systems.

30. THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The integumentary system helps maintain homeostasis. The integument is the body system that surrounds all your other organ systems.
The integumentary system consists of many parts.
skin
hair
nails
oil glands
sweat glands
proteins, such as keratin

31. The integumentary system consists of many different tissues.
The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis.
dead skin cells
oils
pores
epidermis
pore

32. THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Cells in the epidermis produce keratin and melanin.
Keratin makes cells waterproof and tough feeling.
Melanin is a dark pigment that absorbs UV rays.