Urbanisation

What is urbanisation? It is an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas.

An Urban area is a built up area such as a town or city. Urbanisation An Urban area is a built up area such as a town or city. A Rural area is an area of countryside.

What is counter-urbanisation? It is the movement of people (migration) out of urban areas, to the surrounding areas or rural areas. This trend is quite common in MEDCs as compared to LEDCs.

MEDC & LEDCs MEDC (More Economically developed Country) – a developed country which has high levels of development based on economic indicators such as gross domestic product (country’s income)

MEDC & LEDCs LEDC (Less Economically developed Country) – A developing country, also called a less-developed country, is a nation with a low living standard, underdeveloped industrial base, and low Human Development Index relative to other countries

MEDC & LEDCs (indicators) Pair Activity (1) 1. Research as a pair & write in own words the meanings of these terms in your own exercise book Population density GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Life expectancy Human Development Index (HDI) 2. Using the sheet provided determine using the researched data where each country belong between MEDC and LEDCs. Use the following website for your research https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html

MEDC & LEDCs (indicators) Country Name Population (in millions) GDP (in billions) Life Expectancy (M/F) Urbanisation Economic status (MEDC or LEDC?) Urban population (%) Rate of (% per year) USA   Australia Singapore China U.K. Indonesia Iraq South Africa Kenya Afghanistan

MEDC & LEDCs Using the world outline map provided, colour the MEDC (Green) and LEDC (RED) & then glue the sheet in your writing book (Activity 2)

Urbanisation (Causes) PUSH factors PULL factors Pull and Push Factors (Activity 3)

Push Factors (possible responses) poverty lack of religious freedom Pull factors Push Factors (possible responses) poverty lack of religious freedom corrupt governments lack of opportunity poor education civil strife lack of medical care natural disasters Pull Factors (possible responses) opportunity religious freedom or freedom in general higher standard of living jobs lower cost of living medical care / medicine safety/protection fair or just government

Urban facilities & way of life Protection from conflict (LEDCs) Pull factors Employment High incomes Better health Better education Urban facilities & way of life Protection from conflict (LEDCs) Religious & political freedom

Drought or natural disasters Push factors Famine Drought or natural disasters Poor living conditions e.g. housing, education, health care Agricultural change Unemployment War and conflict Educational opportunities

Rural to Urban trends

Population growth (discussion)

Urbanisation (Rise of cities) A city is a large and permanent settlement which has a complex system of transport, land use, utilities such as water, power and sanitation A megacity is a city with more than 10 million people e.g. New York (USA), Tokyo (Japan), Cairo (Egypt), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Megaregion is a when megacities expand to join each other to form one urban settlement e.g. Hong Kong – Shenzhen - Guangzhou in China(120 million), Nagoya – Osaka – Kyoto – Kobe in Japan (60 million), Rio de Janeiro –Sao Paolo in Brazil (43 million)

Urbanisation (Rise of cities)

Urbanisation (Rise of cities)

Urbanisation (Rise of cities)

Urbanisation (Rise of cities)

Megacities (Key facts) Over half the future growth of megacities will be within Asia 20 largest cities consume 80% of the world’s energy and produce 80% of the global greenhouse gases Slums in megacities are vulnerable to climate change as they are built on high risk locations e.g. Boneo in Indonesia

Urbanisation Quiz 1