1. Urbanisation Aims: To define urbanisation
To comprehend the processes of urbanisation

2. What is urbanisation? Create a bubble map describing it..

3. Settlement continuum
Create a continuum of the different settlements – from largest to smallest.
Be able to justify your decision.
Extension:
What are the characteristics of each settlement.

4. Just checking the city sizes...
Frinsted
171 population – Hamlet (<250)
Cobham
1000 population – Village ( )
Snodland
9,400 population - Small town ( ,000)
Maidstone
75,000 population - Large town (10, ,000)
Ashford
102,661 population – City (100, million)
Birmingham
1 million – Millionaire city (>1 million)
London
7.2 million – Super city (>5 million)
Beijing
13 million – Mega city (>10 million)

5. The causes of urban growth
Natural population growth
There tends to be more young people in cities as it is the young that are most likely to migrate from rural areas. They then have children meaning the rates of natural increase are higher in cities.
2. Rural-urban migration
This is divided into push and pull factors.

6. Wars and civil strike cause people to flee
Natural disasters – floods, tropical storms, earthquakes..
Population growth – not enough land to support the people. Leads to over-farming and low yields
PUSH
From rural
Cash crops – land traditionally used to grow food for locals now used to produce crops for money.
Agricultural problems – due to desertification, subdivision of land into smaller plots and debt on loans taken out to help pay for agricultural change.
Health - Local diseases and inadequate medical provision.

7. A perceived better quality of life
Employment- in factories and service industries such as hotels – better paid than rural area jobs.
PULL to urban
Better quality social provisions – education, healthcare, entertainment….
Informal employment – selling on the street, providing transport eg. rickshaw, prostitution.

8. World cities
There has been an economic shift from in advanced economies from goods production to information handling.
Globalisation has led to manufacturing shifting from traditional centres such as Manchester to lower wage economies eg. China

9. World cities:
World cities are identified as places of innovation and entrepreneurialism.
Are part of a network of learning consisting of clusters of universities, company research bases and so on. They may be seen as ‘science cities’ or ‘creative hubs’.
Tend to have shed a lot of their routine activities to other countries.
Offer a wide range of jobs – but mainly at either the top end or low end – this leads to increased differentiation in types of residential areas within these cities.

10. Settlement characteristics
On your continuum – describe the characteristics of each of the settlements.

11. Urbanisation – The facts!
>3.2 billion in urban areas – ½ global population
Many MEDCs >90% in urban areas.
Megacities grow and tend to dominate countries in their size, location of manufacturing and investment.

12. Describe and explain the location of these cities

13. How do you get from...
... To this...?

14. Processes of urbanisation
In MEDCs this occurred during the 19th Century.
Why?

15. In LEDCs it has occurred post 1950.
Associated with rural to urban migration:
Rural change
Natural increase

16. Main reasons of urbanisation
Migration from rural to urban areas
Exceeding migration from urban - rural
Urban areas often have better access to medical services etc. than rural areas
May attract more migrants
Natural population increase
Greater in urban than rural

18. Urbanisation – which areas?!

19. Urbanisation curves Show the % of population living in cities S-shaped
Each country and region has its own urbanization curve