Cells: The Basic Units of Life & the Cell in Action

Things that have ALL the characteristics of life are called what? ORGANISMS All living things are… organized, grow & develop, reproduce, respond, maintain certain internal conditions & use energy.

From the Latin word cellula, which means “small rooms” In biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes is called what? A CELL ROBERT HOOKE From the Latin word cellula, which means “small rooms”

Humans have over 100 trillion cells! This states that all living things are… made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life & all new cells come from preexisting cells is known as what? THE CELL THEORY Humans have over 100 trillion cells!

CELL MEMBRANE The ________________ is a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of a cell. A __________ is a stiff structure outside the membrane (only in plant cells). CELL WALL

A liquid fluid inside the cell that contains salts & other molecules is called the what? CYTOPLASM What is the network of thread-like proteins that are joined which form a framework inside the cell? CYTOSKELETON

A membrane-surrounded component (part) of a eukaryotic cell with a specialized function is called what? ORGANELLE

The abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism’s genetic material found in cells is what? DNA

The ____________ is the part of the eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities & contains genetic information stored in DNA-the brain of the cell. NUCLEUS

Animals, plants, mold, yeast & fungi Prokaryotes: Eukaryotes: An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane Bacteria Animals, plants, mold, yeast & fungi

These organelles that use light energy & make food-a sugar called glucose-from water & carbon dioxide in a process know as photosynthesis (they are only present in plant cells). They are called what? CHLOROPLASTS

A cell organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make protiens RIBOSOME Another cell organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the site of cellular respiration and breaks down protiens to make ATP is what? MITOCHONDRIA

Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells Animal Cells are Round & Curved. Plant Cells are Square & Boxy. Except for __________ & ____________ most organelles are found in both Animal & Plant Cells! CELL WALLS CHLOROPLASTS

Organelles & Their Functions Nucleus Chloroplast Contains the cell’s DNA & is the control center of the cell Uses the energy of sunlight to male food for plants Ribosome Golgi Complex Amino acids are hooked together to make proteins Processes & transports proteins & other materials out of the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Makes lipids, breaks down drugs & other substances Stores water & other materials Mitochondria Lysosome Breaks down food molecules to make ATP Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts & foreign invaders