1. The basic unit of all living things
The Cell
The basic unit of all living things 1

2. Robert Hooke was the first to name the cell (1665)2

3. The Cell Theory
The cell is the unit of Structure of all living things.
The cell is the unit of Function of all living things.
All cells come from Pre-existing cells. 3

4. Two Major Cell Types
Prokaryotic cells – (Streptococcus, E.coli, etc.) NO NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic cells. These include: plants, animals, fungi, protists HAVE A NUCLEUS 4

5. ANIMAL CELL 5

6. PLANT CELL 6

7. CELL MEMBRANE CELL MEMBRANE: All cells are covered by a cell
membrane; it regulates what comes in and goes
out of the cell .
Also Called the PLASMA MEMBRANE
Found in both plant and animal cells 7

8. Cell Membrane also called the Plasma Membrane8

9. CYTOPLASM Found in plant and animal cells
Cytoplasm – jelly like substance that fills cells; made of mostly water; holds the organelles
Found in plant and animal cells 9

10. NUCLEUS
Nucleus – contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell
Found in both plant and animal cells. 10

11. RIBOSOME
Ribosome – the site where amino acids are hooked together to make proteins
This is the site of Protein Synthesis
Found in both
plant and animal
cells 11

12. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM -found in both plants and animals
System of Channels that transport proteins in a cell. Some reactions take place on the surface
Two types Rough-with Ribosomes on them and Smooth- no ribosomes on them 12

13. GOLGI BODIES
Responsible for labeling, sorting and packaging chemicals (proteins) and secreting (releasing) them from the cell 13

14. VACUOLES Vacuoles – store water and other materials
Found in both plant and animal cells
Plants have very large vacuoles. Animals have small vacuoles 14

15. Food Vacuole 15

16. LYSOSOME
Lysosomes – digest food particles, wastes, cell parts and foreign invaders. They have such powerful enzymes they can destroy a whole cell. Example: Tadpole’s tail.
Found in animal cells 16

17. Mitochondria – Makes Energy for Cell . Energy is also called ATP
Site of Cellular Respiration
It takes in oxygen and glucose and releases Carbon dioxide , water and ATP
Found in both plant and animal cells. 17

18. Some Organelles are only found in Plant Cells
Do you know which ones? 18

19. CELL WALL
Cell Wall – the cell wall gives structure and support to the cell membrane.
Only found in plant cells 19

20. CHLOROPLASTS All plant cells contain Chloroplasts. They are the
organelle responsible for _photosynthesis_
which uses the sun to make glucose(sugar). Chloroplasts are green due to a pigment called chlorophyll.
Only found in plant cells 20

21. There is one organelle found only in Animal Cells….
Can you name it?

22. The Centrioles
These are necessary for Animal cell Division. Plants manage without them. 21

23. COMPARISON OF ORGANELLES TO ORGAN SYSTEMS
NUCLEUS
BRAIN
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CELL MEMBRANE
LUNGS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
LYSOSOME
STOMACH
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
KIDNEY
EXCRETORY SYSTEM 23

24. LINKING HOW ORGANELLES WORK TOGETHER
NUCLEUS CONTROLS THE RATE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY RIBOSOMES
CELL MEMBRANE REGULATES THE PASSAGE OF OXYGEN INTO THE CELL TO BE USED BY MITOCHONDRIA
AFTER A LYSOSOME DIGESTS OLD ORGANELLES THE CELL MEMBRANE RELEASES THEM OUT OF THE CELL
THE GOLGI BODY PRODUCES LYSOSOMES WHICH ARE USED TO DIGEST BACTERIA 24

25. WRAP UP HEREDITARY INFORMATION IS STORED INSIDE THE: A. RIBOSOMES
B. NUCLEUS,
C. MITOCHONDRIA 25

26. WRAP UP 2. DIAGRAM TO THE RIGHT REPRESENTS:
A. A CHLOROPLAST CARRYING OUT RESPIRATION
B. A LYSOSOME CARRYING OUT PHAGOCYTOSIS
C. A MITOCHONDRIA CARRYING OUT RESPIRATION 26

27. WRAP UP
3. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE HUMAN BODY FROM LEAST COMPLEX TO MOST COMPLEX ARE:
A. CELLS-->TISSUES-->ORGANS-->SYSTEMS
B. SYSTEMS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->CELLS
C. CELLS-->ORGANS-->TISSUES-->SYSTEMS 27

28. WRAP UP
4. STUDIES OF FAT CELLS AND THYROID CELLS SHOW THAT FAT CELLS HAVE FEWER MITOCHONDRIA THAN THYROID CELLS. A BIOLOGIST WOULD MOST LIKELY INFER THAT FAT TISSUE:
A. HAS ENERGY REQIREMENTS EQUAL TO THOSE OF THYROID TISSUE
B. REQUIRES LESS ENERGY THAN THYROID TISSUE
C. REQUIRES MORE ENERGY THAN THYROID TISSUE 28