Picture Prompt Activity I will show you various pictures. Your job is to tell me what it means, what we should know, or what I am asking. Use your textbooks to find the answers.

The Fat Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K

All Kids Eat Donuts and get Fat

Storage of Fat Soluble Vitamins Stored in the liver and in the fatty tissues until the body needs them.

Vitamin D Food Sources Enriched cereal Sardines Salmon or mackerel Sunlight Cod liver oil Fortified milk Tuna

Vitamin A Deficiencies Immune Function Vitamin A also known as an “Anti-infective” vitamin. So many of the body’s defenses against infection depend on an adequate supply. Blindness A more profound deficiency of vitamin A Keratinization – Accumulation of keratin in a tissue. Xerosis – Dying of the cornea Xerophthalmia – Progressive hardening of the cornea of the eye which leads to blindness. Night Blindness Slow recovery of vision after exposure to flashes of bright light at night. Vitamin A deficiency Growth Vitamin A is essential for normal growth of bone and teeth. Failure to grow is one of the first signs of poor Vitamin A consumption. Gene Regulation Genes are regulated by the retinoic acid form of vitamin A. Genes direct the synthesis of proteins, including enzymes that perform the metabolic work of the tissues. Vitamin A affects the metabolic activities of the tissues, and in turn, the health of the body. Cell Differentiation The process by which immature cells are stimulated to mature and gain the ability to perform functions characteristic of their cell type. This can be impaired with a Vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin K Toxicity Colors the skin yellow – Jaundice It causes the liver to release the blood cell pigment (bilirubin) into the blood, instead of excreting it into the bile.

Vitamin D Toxicities This is the most potentially toxic among the vitamins. Raises blood calcium and damages soft tissues.

Functions of Vitamin E Works as an antioxidant, extinguishing free radicals (atoms or molecules with one or more unpaired electrons that make the atom or molecule unstable and highly reactive) Stabilization of cell membranes Support of immune function Protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids Normal nerve development

Vitamin E Food Sources Dry roasted sunflower seeds Shortening Mayonnaise Wheat germ Safflower oil

Functions of Vitamin K Blood clotting Bone mineralization

Vitamin D - The Sunshine Vitamin Ultraviolet light from sunshine acts on a cholesterol compound in the skin to make vitamin D.

Vitamin A Toxicity Consequences Skin rashes Hair loss Hemorrhages Bone abnormalities Birth defects Fractures Liver failure Death

Vitamin E Deficiencies Premature babies born before the transfer of the vitamin from the mother to the infant. That takes place in the later stage of pregnancy. The infant’s red blood cells rupture and the infant become anemic. In adults – loss of muscle coordination, reflexes, and impaired vision and speech.

Vitamin K Food Sources Cabbage Spinach Dry roasted soybeans Cauliflower Canola oil Salad greens

Beta-Carotene Toxicity It builds up in the fat just beneath the skin and imparts a harmless yellow cast.

Vitamin E Toxicity Augments the effects of anticlotting medication General discomfort, nausea Blurred vision Fatigue

Beta Carotene Orange pigment Vitamin A precursor made by plants and stored in human fat tissue. Dietary antioxidants – compounds typically found in plant foods that significantly decrease the adverse effects of oxidation on living tissues.

Functions of Vitamin D Helps regulate blood calcium Mineralization of bones

No Need to take Vitamin A Supplements UL Recommendation – no more than 3000 micrograms. 1 IU = 0.3 micrograms 8000 IU = 2400 micrograms Don’t take the supplements. Rely on food sources instead.

Functions of Vitamin A *Vision – sustain normal eyesight Health of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, and skin Bone and tooth growth Regulation of gene expression Reproduction Immunity Beta-carotene Antioxidant Two Indispensable Roles for Vision: Light perception at the retina Maintenance of a healthy, crystal-clear outer window, the cornea

Vitamin K Deficiencies Newborns are born with sterile intestinal tract, and the vitamin K-producing bacteria take weeks to establish themselves. A single does of vitamin K at birth is given to newborns to prevent hemorrhaging.

Vitamin A Foods Sources Sweet Potatoes Apricots Milk Spinach Carrots

Vitamin D Deficiencies Rickets – softening of the bones Osteoporosis – Weakening of bone mineral structures.

Toxicity from Fat-Soluble Vitamins Toxicities are likely from supplements, but occur rarely form food.