The Unification of China Section 4 The Unification of China The social disorder of the warring states contributes to the development of three Chinese ethical systems. NEXT

Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle The Zhou Dynasty Takes Control • In 1027 B.C., Zhou Dynasty takes control of China Mandate of Heaven • Mandate of Heaven—the belief that a just ruler had divine approval • Developed as justification for change in power • Dynastic cycle—pattern of the rise and decline of dynasties* graph

This system lasted for over 4000 years! What replaced it?* The Dynastic Cycle A new dynasty comes to power. Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. Problems begin (extensive wars, invasions, etc.) Taxes increase; men forced to work for army. Farming neglected. Govt. increases spending; corruption. Droughts, floods, famines occur. Poor loose respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords. Rebel bands find strong leader who unites them. Attack the emperor. Emperor is defeated !! The emperor reforms the govt. & makes it more efficient. Start here

Zhou and the Dynastic Cycle The Zhou DynastyTakes Control • In 1027 B.C., Zhou Dynasty takes control of China Mandate of Heaven • Mandate of Heaven—the belief that a just ruler had divine approval • Developed as justification for change in power to Zhou • Dynastic cycle—pattern of the rise and decline of dynasties Control Through Feudalism • Feudalism—system where kings give land to nobles in exchange for services (Land = power) • Over time, nobles grow in power and begin to fight each other They become warlords*

The Unification of China Confucius Urges Harmony • Scholar Confucius wants to restore order, harmony, and good government • Stresses developing good relationships 5 Relationships… 1. Ruler to Subject 2. Father to Son 3. Husband to Wife 4. Brother to Brother 5. Neighbor to Neighbor •Promotes filial piety—respect for parents and ancestors*

Sayings from The Analects Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake. The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others. To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.*

Confucian Ideas About Government • Thinks education can transform people • Teachings become foundation for bureaucracy, a trained civil service • Confucianism is a system of right + wrong not a religion. • Chinese govt + social order is based on Confucianism. Other Ethical Systems Concept of yin and yang—two powers represent rhythm of universe -Yin: cold, dark, soft, mysterious; -Yang: warm, bright, hard, clear Daoists (Taoists)Seek Harmony • Laozi said - people should follow natural order of life. • Daoism philosophy is to understand nature and be free of desire.*

Legalists Urge Harsh Rule • Legalism emphasizes the use of law to restore order; stifles criticism • Teaches obedience should be rewarded + disobedience…. Punished*

The Qin Dynasty Unifies China • Qin (Chin) Dynasty - begins in the third century B.C.E. A New Emperor Takes Control • Emperor Shi Huangdi unifies China, ends fighting, conquers new lands (He is the George Washington of China) • Creates 36 administrative districts officials • Murders Confucian scholars, burns books • Establishes an autocracy, a government with unlimited power*

A Program of Centralization • Shi Huangdi builds highways, irrigation projects; increases trade • Sets standards for writing, law, currency, weights and measures Great Wall of China • Emperor forces peasants to start building the Great Wall to keep out invaders (real and spiritual)*

The Great Wall of China is a lot greater than anyone thought. The first formal measurement of the world's largest man-made structure revealed the wall was more than twice as long as previous estimates. In an archaeological survey that took five years to complete, China's State Administration of Cultural Heritage announced the wall measures 13,170.69 miles. This is as of 2008- earlier surveys claimed 5500 miles, but did not include many sections.

Emperor Shi Huangdi dreamt he could see it from the moon, Reality? NO. Can be seen from space Emperor Shi Huangdi dreamt he could see it from the moon, Reality? NO.

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of

Qin Shi Huangdi was buried with the terracotta army and court because he wanted to have the same military power and imperial status in the afterlife as he had enjoyed during his earthly lifetime. The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, he unified much of modern-day northern and central China under his rule, which lasted from 246 to 210 BCE. Such an accomplishment would be difficult to replicate in the next life without a proper army - hence the 10,000 clay soldiers with weapons, horses and chariots.

A Program of Centralization • Shi Huangdi builds highways, irrigation projects; increases trade • Sets standards for writing, law, $, weights and measures Great Wall of China • Emperor forces peasants to build a “Great Wall” to keep out invaders (real and spiritual) vid? The Fall of the Qin Dynasty – Shi Huangdi dies… • Shi Huangdi’s son loses the throne to a rebel leader; Han Dynasty begins*

Han Emperors in China Section 3 The Han Dynasty expands China’s borders and develops a system of government that lasts for centuries. NEXT

Han Emperors in China The Han Restore Unity to China Troubled Empire • In Qin Dynasty peasants resent high taxes and harsh labor, rebel • Liu Bang defeats Xiang Yu, a rival for power, and founds Han Dynasty • Han Dynasty—begins in 202 B.C., lasts 400 years • Han Dynasty has great influence on Chinese people, culture • Liu Bang establishes centralized government—a central authority rules*

Han Technology, Commerce, and Culture Technology Revolutionizes Chinese Life • Invention of paper in A.D. 105 helps spread education, Collar harness, plow, wheelbarrow Agriculture Versus Commerce • As population grows, farming regarded as important activity • Government allows monopolies—control by one group over key industries • Techniques for producing silk becomes state secret as profits increase *pics

The Han Unifies Chinese Culture Bringing Different Peoples Under Chinese Rule • To unify empire, Chinese government encourages assimilation • Assimilation—integrating conquered peoples into Chinese culture* Ethnocentrism – Believing your or your culture are better than the others. (we did this in unit 2) Middle Kingdom – China believe they are the Center of the universe. Section finished map^

China is Isolated, so to them, They are the center of it all

W WW W WW W WW

FIN Confucianism --> Moral order in society. Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order. Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity. FIN