Europe Goes on Tour: The Sequel! Period 5: 1750-1900 Europe Goes on Tour: The Sequel!

Overview Revolution: The Industrial One Imperialism: Europe & Japan: 1, Everyone Else: 0 Revolution: The Political Ones Migration: On the Road Again

The Industrial Revolution The process of industrialization that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries (farms → factories) Began in Europe (specifically England) Had HUGE effects on every aspect of life around the globe Next to Columbian Exchange, probably the most likely thing to be on the test

Why Europe? Europe’s location on the Atlantic Ocean Distribution of coal, iron, and timber Demographic changes in Europe (rapid population growth) Urbanization Improved agricultural productivity Legal protection of private property Abundance of rivers and canals Access to foreign resources Accumulation of capital (think abt trading companies)

Necessary Inventions Watt steam engine- 1763-1775 Spinning jenny- 1764 Internal combustion engine- mid 1800s Allow for faster travel, production, and transport of goods Run on fossil fuels

Characteristics of Factory System Unskilled labor/division of labor Widescale output/cheaper input Location near railroads and rivers Centralized work Standardization and uniformity Guarantee of supply

The IR Spreads IR starts in Great Britain but affects globe Industrialization around the world- US, Russia, Japan Need for raw materials (rubber from Congo) and a market for goods drives imperialism British and French “opening up” China Opium Wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860)

The IR Spreads Agricultural economies decline in wake of IR Textile industry in India Transnational businesses develop United Fruit Company- 1899

Responses to Industrialization Workers’ rights and reactions against capitalism Unionization of laborers Resistance from Qing China and Ottoman Empire Rejected western industry and ideals in favor of tradition Some attempted to modernize, but were unsuccessful Young Turks in Ottoman Empire- 1889 Too little, too late

Meiji Reformation in Japan 1868- Imperial rule restored End of Tokugawa Shogunate Japan industrialized rapidly Attempt to blend “western” and “eastern” values

Imperialism Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires States with existing colonies strengthened their control Europe, the US, and Japan established empires in Asia and the Pacific Japan in Korea Britain in India, Australia, New Zealand Spanish and Portuguese power declined during this time

Imperialism Empires established in Africa BELGIUM IN THE CONGO Europe established settler colonies in some places Britain- South Africa, Australia and New Zealand In other places, Europe & the US established “economic imperialism” US in Latin America (Monroe Doctrine, United Fruit Company) Britain and France in China- Opium Wars

Imperialism Imperialism caused the formation and contraction of states around the world US & European influence led to Meiji Japan US & Russia expanded land borders and conquered neighboring territories US in Mexico, western territories Anti-imperial resistance led to the contraction of the Ottoman empire Semi-independence of Balkan states British influence in Egypt

Imperialism New states developed Kingdom of Hawai’i- 1810-1893 Nationalism developed as an ideology Germany and Italy become nation-states New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitate and justify imperialism White Man’s Burden