Hindi Learning : Day 2

Today’s Agenda More Vocabulary Pronouns and examples in usage Question words and examples in usage Directions Recap of Self-Introduction

Vocabulary : Recap

Come - aa Hear - sun Go - jaa Walk - chal Talk - bol Do - kar Stop - ruk Study - padh See - dekh Sleep - so Take - lo Drink - pe Give - do Keep - rakh Open – khol Buy - kharid

Inside a building:1 Roof: chhat Home: ghar Door: darvaja Window: khidhki Room: kamra Family:1 mother: ma Father: pita Son: beta Daughter: beti Direction: Uttar – north Dakshin – south Paschim – west Poorav – east Greetings: Thank you: dhanyavad Hello: namaste Good morning : suprabhat Good evening: shubhsandhya Good night: subhratri

Food: Rice: chaval Chappati: roti Pulses: dal Fruits:1 Banana: kela Mango: aam Measurements: Big: bada Small: chota Days: Today: aaj Tomorrow: kal Yesterday: kal Day after tomorrow: parso Birds:1 Crow: kauva Hen: murgi

Vocabulary : New

(jii) haan – yes (jii) nahi – no   Dhanyawaad – thank you Kripayaa – please Maaf kijiye – excuse me Shama kijiye – sorry -lit. ‘forgive me’ Birds: Eagle – cheel Peacock – mor Owl - ulloo

RELATIONS Paternal Grandmother – dadi Paternal Grandfather - dadaa Maternal Grandfather - naanaa Maternal Grandmother – naanii Brother's wife - bhabhi-ji Sister's husband - jija Son — beta or putra Daughter — betii or putrii Husband — pathi Wife — patnii

NUMBERS 10 – dus 20 – bees 30 – tees 40 – chaalees 50 – pachaas 60 – saatth 70 – sattar 80 – assii 90 – nabbai 100 – sau

Q. Who is your best friend ? (Aapka Sabse accha dost kaun hai?) Ans. _________ is my best friend.(__________ mera sabse accha dost hai.) Q. How many children do you have?(Aapke kitne bachhe hai?) Ans. I have ____________ children. (Mere ___________bachhe hai.)

Q. How many siblings do you have. (Aapke Kitane Bhai-bahan hai. ) Ans Q. How many siblings do you have? (Aapke Kitane Bhai-bahan hai? ) Ans. I have ____________and ________. (Mere _________ aur _________hai ) Q. Who are you closest to in your family? (Aapke parivar me aapke sabse kareeb kaun hai? ) Ans. I’m closest to my ___________. (Me sabse kareeb ___________ k hu.)

Pronouns

Levels of Respect: While speaking Hindi, there are 3 levels of respect – The first level is very formal. This is used with adults, strangers and in formal occasions. This is always recommended. The second level is semi-formal. This is used with people of the same age as us and is a little more fimiliar than the formal level. The last level is informal. This is used with people that are close to us like friends.

Mei – I I am a teacher. Mei adhyapak hoon.   Adhyapak – teacher Hoon – am (sentence ending used with first person pronouns)

Aap – you (formal) You are a student. Aap vidyaarthi hain.   Vidyaarthi – student Hain – are (sentence ending used with second person formal)

Tum – you (semi-formal) You are a student. Tum vidyaarthi ho.   Vidyaarthi – student Ho – are (sentence ending used with second person semi-formal)

Too – you (informal) You are a student. Too vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – are (sentence ending used with second person informal)

Yaha – he / she / this(third person - formal) Used when the third person is part of the conversation He / She is a student. Yaha vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Waha – he / she / that(third person – formal) Used when the third person is far away He / She is a student. Waha vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Ye – he / she / this(third person – semi-formal) Used when the third person is part of the conversation He / She is a student. Ye vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Wo – he / she / that(third person – semi-formal) Used when the third person is far away He / She is a student. Wo vidyaarthi hai.   Vidyaarthi – student Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

Plural Pronouns: Hum - we Aap log – you all (formal) Tum log – you all (informal) Yaha log – these people (formal) Way log – those people (formal) Ye log – these people (informal) Wo log – those people (formal) These can be used in the same way as the pronouns given above. The sentence ending used for these is ‘hein’. Exception: sentence ending used with ‘tum log’ is ‘ho’. Eg: Hum vidyaarthi hein. Tum log vidyaarthi ho.

Possessive Pronouns: Possessive pronoun ends with ‘a’ if the subject of the sentence is male Possessive pronoun ends with ‘i’ if the subject of the sentence is female Subject of the sentence may or may not be the person (first, second or third) addressed. It can also be any common noun, abstract noun, verb or adjective. Possessive pronoun ends with ‘e’ to show direct possession.

Mera / Meri / Mere – My Aapka / Aapki / Aapke – Your (formal) Tumhara / Tumhari / Tumhare– Your (semi-formal) Tera / Teri / Tere – Your (informal) Inka /Inki / Inke – Their (formal) Iska / Iski / Iske – Their (semi-formal) Unka / Unki / Unke – Their Used when the third person is far away

My name is Ajay. Mera naam Ajay hai.   Naam – name Hai – is (sentence ending marker) Depending on situation, ‘Mera’ can be substituted with any option on the first two columns. This pen is hers. Yaha pen (kalam) uski hai. This is his bag. Yaya uska bag hai.

I have the book. Mere paas kitab hai.   Paas – near (in context – in possession of) Kitab – book Hai – is (sentence end marker) Go with him. Uske saath jaao. Saath – with Jaao – go

Question Words

Kya - what Kyon - why Kis - which Kaha - where Kitna – how much Kaun – who Kab - when

What is this? Yaha kya hai?   Yaha – this Kya – what Hai – is (sentence end marker)

Why are you doing this? Aap yaha kyon kar rahe hai?   Aap – you (formal) Yaha – this Kyon – why Kar – do (kar) rahe – (doing) present continuous marker Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

Which university do you study in? Aap kis uchhavidyalaya me parte hai?   Aap - you Kis – which Uchhavidyalaya – university Me – in Parte – study Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

Where is your home? Aapkaa ghar kaha hai?   Aapkaa – your Ghar - home Kaha – where Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

How much is this (priced)? Yaha kitne ka hai?   Yaha - this Kitna – how much Ka – of (indicating the price of object) Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

Who is this? Yaha kaun hai?   Yaha - this Kaun – who Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

When will we reach? Hum kab pahunchenge?   Hum – we Kab - when (Pahunch)-enge – will (reach)

Directions Useful when understanding directions given to oneself Also used to give directions Eg. To a taxi driver

Daaye – right Uupar – up Baaye – left Niche – down Aage – front Peechhe – back Seedhe haath – right hand side Ulte haath – left hand side   Uttar – north Dakshin – south Paschim – west Poorav – east

Yahan daaye mudhiye Turn right here   Yahan – here Daaye – right Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

Yahan baaye mudhiye Turn right here   Yahan – here Baaye – left Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

Siidhe chaliye Go straight   Siidhe – straight Chaliye – go (polite) Piiche jaaiye Go back Piiche – back Jaaiye – go

Yaha rok diijiye Stop here   Yaha – here Rok – stop (rok) Diijiye – (stop) do (makes it a verb - polite) Roko – stop (verb – semi-formal)

Self-Introduction

Passage: Namaste. Mera naam Aadarsh hai. Mei 21 saal ka hoon. Mei NIT Trichy me engineering vishay ka chaatra hoon.   Good afternoon. My name is Aadarsh. I am 21 years old. I study engineering in NIT Trichy. Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai. I like books and my hobby is reading. I also enjoy spending time with my friends and family. I aspire to be a successful person in the future. What about you? Mujhe bhavishya me ek safal vyakti banna hai. Aapka kya parichay hai?  

Vocabulary:   Pasand – like Naam - name Aur – and Unhe – them Saal - year Parna – study / read Ka – of Ruchi – hobby Vishay – subject Apne – my Chaatra – student Mitron – friends Kitaben – books Pariwaar – family

Saath – with Samay – time Me – in Bitana – spending (time) Ek – one / a Bhi – also Safal – successful Achha – good Vyakti – person Lagta – feel Banna – want to be Bhavishya – future Parichay – introduction

Grammar: Aur – and Used the same way as in English.   Joins two otherwise independent sentences. Sentence 1: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai. I like books. Sentence 2: Unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Reading them is my hobby. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. I like books and reading them is my hobby.

 Used as conjunction between words. Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my family. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends and family.

Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts. Bhi – also Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts. Used at the end of a sentence. Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my family. Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai. Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai. I like spending time with my friends. I also like spending time with my family.

Aapka kya parichay hai? How would you introduce yourself? Lit. ‘What is your introduction?’   Aapka – your Kya – what Parichay – introduction Hai – is (sentence ending marker)