1. Gerunds and Infinitives

2. Gerunds A gerund is the –ing form of a verb: e.g. Listening, exercising, shopping A gerund is like the name of an action, so it is like a noun, not a verb. e.g. Watching movies is my favourite leisure activity.

3. Like nouns, gerunds can be in the subject or object position in a sentence: e.g. Listening to music makes me calm. My parents are thinking about moving to Kaş. The students are discussing studying in the library after class. Gerunds can also come after prepositions: e.g. Before eating, please wash your hands. After turning the TV off, he went to bed.

4. Infinitives An infinitive is the base form of a verb (V). It can be with to, or without to. e.g. (to) eat, (to) have, etc. Like gerunds, infinitives can be in the subject or object position of a sentence. e.g. It is nice to help other people. He would like to change his career.

5. Note please! It is polite to say hello when you come in to class. Saying hello is polite. It is important to drive carefully. Driving carefully is important.

6. Infinitives as object of a verb I’m planning to paint my room. She wants to go on a cruise.

7. Infinitives after an adjective e.g. She’s happy to move to a big city. His parents were angry to hear about the car.

8. Infinitive of purpose e.g. She worked hard to buy a car. To find the answer, please turn the page. (In order) to get to school on time, you should take the bus.

9. Verbs used with gerunds enjoy e.g. Did you enjoy watching the movie? practice e.g. You should practice speaking English. discuss e.g. They discussed buying a new house. Like/love/hate * e.g. She likes swimming.

10. allow * e.g. They don’t allow eating in the library. remember * e.g. I remember meeting the famous writer when I was a child. start * e.g. She should start practicing for the concert.

11. Verb/adj+ preposition+ gerund talk about e.g. He was talking about going hiking. worry about e.g. Jane worries about passing the job interview. succeed in e.g. The doctors succeeded in making the sick men better. forget about e.g. She forgot about inviting her friend to dinner.

12. tired of e.g. The mother was so tired of doing all the work alone. look forward to e.g. My grandmother is looking forward to coming here for the holiday. interested in e.g. She is interested in trying new recipes. stop sb. from e.g. The police stopped the thief from stealing the bike.

13. Adjectives + infinitive nice sorry happy glad happy + to + infinitive important necessary e.g. It’s necessary to study hard. tired I’m too busy to talk to him. Busy Glad to meet you. possible impossible

14. Verbs + infinitive like/love/hate need remember start + to + infinitive offer promise e.g. She promised to call me. hope John decided to go to Mexico. decide I tried to help the old man. try

15. Verbs + infinitive would like (sb) e.g. He would like to travel around the world. I would like my brother to spend more time with me. want (sb) e.g. Grace wants to go back to school. She wants John to take care of their children. expect (sb) e.g. Graciela expects to graduate in June. Her parents expect her to return to London.

16. help sb e.g. Her kids never help to clean the house. My students always help me to set up the laptop. allow sb e.g. She doesn’t allow her children to eat sweets before dinner. The company allows customers to return products in 30 days.