3.06 Understand the Disorders of the Integumentary System

Essential Questions: What are some disorders of the integumentary system? How are integumentary system disorders treated? 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Acne vulgaris: Common and chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands Sebaceous glands secrete excessive oil or sebum, which is deposited at the openings of the glands. Eventually this oily deposit be comes hard or keratinized, plugging up the opening  

Disorders of the Integumentary System Acne vulgaris: How is it treated? Topical medication that dry up oil Antibiotics   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Acne vulgaris: Can it be prevented? Keep area (face) clean Balanced healthy diet   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Athlete’s foot What causes athlete’s foot? Contagious fungal infection Fungus infects the superficial skin layer and leads to skin eruptions. Skin eruptions look like small blisters 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Athlete’s foot Symptoms Dry and cracking feet Can be between toes and fingers Itchy burning sensation Not Everyone has same symptoms 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Athlete’s foot Treatment Keep feet dry and cool Use antifungal medication Wear shoes in public areas such as showers, pool areas and hotel rooms 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Traumatic injury Result of: Radiation from the sun (sunburn) A heat lamp Contact with boiling water Steam Fire Chemical Electricity 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: First-degree Superficial burn just on the surface of the skin in the epidermis Symptoms: Redness, pain, swelling Treatment: apply cold water Diagnosis: heals within a week superficial 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Second degree Involves epidermis and dermis Symptoms: pain, swelling, redness and blistering Treatment: pain medication, dry sterile dressings applied to open wounds to stop infection Diagnosis: Healing generally occurs within two weeks Partial thickness

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Third-degree Involves complete destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers Symptoms: loss of skin, eschar (black skin), no pain or limited pain (WHY?) Treatment: Hospitalization, surgery, fluid replacement, infection preventions, skin grafting Full thickness

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Compare the different degrees of burns. 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Rule of Nines Used to quickly assess percentage of body surface burned. Can be used to determine extent of treatment needed.

Disorders of the Integumentary System Burns: Rule of Nines Measures the percent of the body burned Body is divided into 11 area and each area accounts for 9% of total body surface

Disorders of the Integumentary System Dermatitis Dermat- -itis Inflammation of the skin which is nonspecific. Ex: using a particular soap may cause a rash Ex: emotional stress my cause blotchiness Skin inflammation 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Dermatitis/Eczema How are dermatitis and eczema similar? Both cause rashes on skin Both exhibit redness and inflammation 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Dermatitis/Eczema How are they different? Dermatitis is non-specific Eczema is noncontagious inflammatory skin disease, usually occurs as an allergic reaction in first year of life. 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Dermatitis/Eczema What is the treatment? Remove irritant by washing or avoiding causative agent Apply topical cream or ointment 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Herpes Viral infection that is usually a blister Most common types are Herpes Simplex Genital Herpes Herpes Zoster (shingles)

Disorders of the Integumentary System Herpes Herpes simplex virus: Occurs around the mouth and is commonly known as fever blister or cold sore

Disorders of the Integumentary System Herpes Herpes simplex virus What are the symptoms? Various, sometimes burning, itching 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Herpes Herpes simplex virus How is it spread? May be spread through oral contact (kissing) 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Herpes Herpes simplex virus What is the prognosis? Recurrent once infected Antiviral medications, ointments 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Impetigo Acute, inflammatory and contagious skin disease seen in babies and young children. 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Impetigo What two bacteria cause impetigo? Staphylococcus Streptococcus 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Impetigo Symptoms: Blisters that rupture and crust over. Appears as yellowish blister and crust. 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Impetigo Treatment: Topical antibacterial creams Oral antibiotics 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Psoriasis Chronic inflammatory skin disease Characterized by development of dry reddish patches which are covered by reddish silvery- white scales 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Psoriasis Most affected areas are elbow, knees, shins, scalp, and lower back 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Psoriasis What is the treatment? No current treatment Keep skin moisturized 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Ringworm Highly contagious fungal infection. Symptoms are a red circular patch Two examples of ringworm How would this be diagnosed? 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Ringworm How is it spread? Contact with infected area Can spread from animal to human

Disorders of the Integumentary System Ringworm How is it treated? Antifungal cream 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Scabies Mites burrow under the skin Causes intense itching Appears on skin as small blisters and red patches will form on the skin above each mite 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Scabies Is it contagious? Easily transmitted from skin-to- skin contact with an affected person Highly contagious 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Scabies How is it treated? The mite is a parasite so it is treated with anti- parasitic cream, topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines for itching 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Scabies How is it prevented? Avoid contact with infected person or animal 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Shingles What is the cause of shingles? Herpes Zoster Is it contagious? Not contagious 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Shingles Who is most at risk? Older adults that were infected with Chickenpox as a child Generally exhibits with adult who is immunocompromised 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Shingles How is it prevented? vaccine 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Associated with exposure to UV light Scientists are cautioning people to limit direct exposure to sunlight or use sunscreen Skin cancer is the most common cancer in people

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Three types: explained on next slides Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Most common Least malignant Usually on the face   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Abnormal cells start in epidermis and extend to dermis   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Basal cell carcinoma Treatment: Surgical removal Cryosurgery Radiation Prognosis: Full recovery in 99% of cases   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin Cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Arises from the epidermis Occurs most often on scalp and lower lip Grows quickly and spreads (metastasizes) to the lymph nodes 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin Cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Treatment is surgical removal and radiation Prognosis is good if found early 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Malignant melanoma Occurs in pigmented cells of the skin called melanocytes. Cancer cells metastasize to other areas quickly

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Malignant melanoma This type of tumor may appear as a brown or black irregular patch which occurs suddenly. A color change of preexisting wart or mole may also indicate melanoma

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin cancer Malignant melanoma Treatment is surgical removal and the surrounding tissue area. Along with chemotherapy

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin lesions: Discuss the characteristics of the different skin lesions. Next slides  

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin lesions: Compare these types of skin lesions. Macule - localized changes in skin color of less than 1 cm ex: Freckle Papule - solid, elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter ex: elevated navi   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin lesions: Compare these types of skin lesions. Pustule - vesicles or bullae that become filled with pus usually described as less than 0.5 cm in diameter EX: acne, impetigo   3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin lesions: Compare these types of skin lesions. Accumulation of fluid between the upper layers of the skin Elevated mass containing serous fluid, less than 10 mm EX: herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox   Vesicle 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System Skin lesion: Decubitus ulcer A depressed lesion of the epidermis and upper papillary layer of the dermis Decubitus ulcers are usually caused by repeated pressure in one area Prevention through movement Treated with cleanliness, keeping area dry and using topical ointment

Disorders of the Integumentary System warts Caused by human papilloma viral infections Very contagious Usually affect skin surrounding or underneath nail 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Disorders of the Integumentary System warts Can be painful and sometimes cause limited use of the affected finger or toes Treatment: freezing wart off or chemically treating There are many different types! 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system

Essential Questions: What are some disorders of the integumentary system? How are integumentary system disorders treated? 3.06: Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system