SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, Dred Scott case, and John Brown’s Raid.

Kansas-Nebraska Act - created two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska Signed in 1854, the Act, introduced by Stephen Douglas: - repealed the Missouri Compromise (what was that?) - created two new territories: Kansas and Nebraska - would allow each territory to decide on the slavery issue by using “popular sovereignty” - led to the formation of the Republican Party (1854) which supported keeping slavery out of the territories - led to “Bleeding Kansas”

Define: Knowledge Check 1 Missouri Compromise? Admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. Then creating the line of slave and free states at 36-30. Popular Sovereignty? Defined as the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.

Bleeding Kansas Failure of Popular Sovereignty Because Kansas would decide about slavery through popular sovereignty, both the North (antislavery) and the South (pro-slavery) sent thousands of people into Kansas to sway the vote Tensions between the two groups led to violence and the destruction of property, including the sacking of Lawrence By the end of 1856, 200 people had been killed in the skirmishes How did the violence in Kansas demonstrate that popular sovereignty was a failure?

Dred Scott Scott was taken by his master into the free state of Illinois, and then later, back into the slave state of Missouri With the help of an abolitionist group Scott sued for freedom (1847), claiming that because he had lived in a free state, he should be free

Dred Scott The case went to the Supreme Court where in 1857, the Court ruled against Scott Because slaves were not citizens of the U.S., Scott could not sue in Federal Court Scott was eventually freed in May 1857, but died nine months later*

John Brown’s Raid A abolitionist who used violence against those supporting slavery In 1859, he and his followers tried to support a slave uprising in Virginia by seizing an arsenal in Harpers Ferry

John Brown’s Raid The uprising was quickly put down and after a trial, Brown was executed Brown was viewed by many in the North as a martyr for the anti-slavery movement How do you think Brown was viewed In the South-why?

Knowledge Check 2 What is a martyr? 1 : a person who voluntarily suffers death as the penalty of witnessing to and refusing to renounce a religion 2 : a person who sacrifices something of great value and especially life itself for the sake of principle a martyr to the cause of freedom 3 : victim; especially : a great or constant sufferer a martyr to asthma all his life —A. J. Cronin Give an example of a martyr in history. Joan of Arc, Dr. MLK, Maximilian, Jesus Christ, Emmett Till, Medgar Evers, Birmingham Church bombing girls, etc.

Video TOTD Your TOTD is to write 3 facts on EACH OF THE FOLLOWING VIDEOS: Dred Scott (3 min):http://www.pbs.org/video/2298073069/ John Brown’s Raid (2 min): http://www.history.com/topics/john-brown/videos/john-browns-raid Kansas- Nebraska Act (2 min): http://www.history.com/topics/kansas-nebraska-act/videos

A Nation Divided Against Itself

Civil War Two Separate Nations at War How do we get there??

Democratic Party splits Election of 1860 Democratic Party splits Stephen A. Douglas – Northern Democrat Popular Sovereignty John C. Breckinridge – Southern Democrat Expansion of Slavery

Election of 1860

Election of 1860 John Ball – Constitutional Union Party Abraham Lincoln – Second presidential nominee of Republican Party Wanted to stop the spread of slavery but was NOT an abolitionist

Election of 1860

Election of 1860

Reactions to Election of 1860 Lincoln wins election despite not being on Southern ballot No say in government Fear the days of slavery are numbered

Reactions “(The Republican Party) stands forth today, hideous, revolting, loathsome, a menace not only to the Union of these states, but to Society, Liberty, and to the Law.” - Augusta, Georgia newspaper

(Lincoln isn’t even sworn in yet!!) Adios!! Secessionists say we joined America, we can leave it! Besides, it’s not the same country anymore! December 20, 1860 – South Carolina secedes (Lincoln isn’t even sworn in yet!!)

Confederate States of America Lower South states follow South Carolina and leave Union -Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas February 1861 – meet in Montgomery, Alabama and create the Confederate States of America

Confederate States of America Who is that on the presidential seal of the CSA??

WAR!!! Union troops stationed at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor Troops start running out of supplies and food Confederates fire at Union ship bringing supplies

What do I do!?

Fort Sumter

Adios!! pt. 2 Lincoln calls 75,000 volunteers to fight the rebellion South sees this as act of war Upper South states secede -Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee

Civil War Border States stay uncommitted -Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri War has begun North = Civil War South = Second War for Independence

Many Southerners called the Civil War the Second War for Independence Many Southerners called the Civil War the Second War for Independence. Many Northerners called it the War of the Rebellion. Explain how each name reflects the point of view of the people who used it.

SSUSH 9 b. Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers, such as his decision to suspend habeas corpus. c. Describe the roles of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis. d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta. e. Describe the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation.

Suspension of Habeas Corpus Emancipation Proclamation What efforts did President Lincoln make to preserve the Union during the Civil War? Examine: Second Inaugural Address Gettysburg Speech Use of emergency powers such as the suspension of habeas corpus Emancipation Proclamation Effort Description 2nd Inaugural Address Gettysburg Speech Suspension of Habeas Corpus Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865 During his inauguration at the start of his second term as President of the United States Lincoln did not speak of happiness, but of sadness Some see this speech as a defense of his pragmatic approach to Reconstruction, in which he sought to avoid harsh treatment of the defeated South by reminding his listeners of how wrong both sides had been in imagining what lay before them when the war began four years earlier. Lincoln balanced that rejection of triumphalism, however, with a recognition of the unmistakable evil of slavery, which he described in the most concrete terms possible Unbeknownst to him, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Paine, John Surratt and Edmund Spangler, a few of the conspirators involved with his assassination were present in the crowd at the inauguration.

Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862) The writs of habeas corpus are a person’s right not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial Lincoln suspended these common rights in an effort to stop anyone from supporting the Confederate cause and to prevent those who encouraged others to resist the draft (conscription) The suspension of habeas corpus was the result of draft riots in many northern cities

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862. The Proclamation: freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion did not free the slaves in the border states gave the Union Army another reason to fight: the liberation of slaves Which slave states were unaffected by the Proclamation? Why did Lincoln plan this?

Gettysburg Address In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gettysburgaddress.htm

The Civil War (1861-1865) The Civil War starts: With increased tension between the North and the South (Slavery and sectionalism issues) South Carolina secedes from the Union in December 1860 after Lincoln is elected President By June 1861, ten Southern states had seceded Many of the early battles were Union losses, or fought to a draw

Jefferson Davis Was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) Appointed Robert E. Lee commander of Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 Captured in Georgia, in 1865

Ulysses Grant (Union-North) Had early success fighting in the west (TN, LA, MS) Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the Union control of the Mississippi River Lincoln promoted him to commander of the entire Union Army in 1864 Fights Lee in a series of battles ending in Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865

Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South) Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy: was against slavery but didn’t want to fight against the South Named commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862 Lee invades Maryland (1862) and loses a major battle at Antietam, forcing him to retreat back into Virginia After two major victories against the Union, Lee again decided to invade the North, this time into Gettysburg (PA) where he lost a 3 day battle to the Union: after the loss, Confederate forces had to remain on the defensive for the rest of the war

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederacy-South) Played a major role in defeating the Union Army at the first major battle of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss at Bull Run made the Union realize that it would be a prolonged war Fought with Lee at Antietam Helped defeat the Union Army at Fredericksburg (1862) and Chancellorsville (1863) Was accidently shot at night by his own men at Chancellorsville and died 8 days later

William Sherman (Union-North) Fought with Grant at Vicksburg Named Union Commander of the West (1864) Attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in the fall of 1864 The victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864

TOTD Give 1 KEY IMPORTANCE OF EACH of the leaders of the war that we discussed today. Name the Army that each were in charge of. *Note: You cannot mention their educational background*

SSUSH 9 d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta.

What were the importance / significance of each of the following Civil War battles: Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta? Example: Sumter Antietam Vicksburg Gettysburg Atlanta The importance of the Battle goes here The Name of the Battle goes here

Major Battles of the Civil War

Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is surrounded after South Carolina secedes in December 1860 Lincoln will not evacuate or send the Navy to defend, but sends supplies to the fort, or as he said, “food for hungry men”. The Union refused to surrender the fort and Jefferson Davis orders Southern troops to bombard it. After 33 hours the garrison surrendered, starting the Civil War

Antietam: September 1862 Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded) Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia The Union victory led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

Gettysburg (VA): July 1st - 3rd 1863 Lee again decided to invade the North in hopes that the North would settle for peace On July 2nd, Lee ordered an attack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” on the Union forces The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked the North? What were the results?

Gettysburg (VA): July 1st-3rd 1863 Lee retreated from the battlefield on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight Why do you think Gettysburg is considered the turning point of the war?

Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863 By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment The Confederate forces surrender July 4th 1863, which gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half Which Confederate states were isolated from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

Battle for Atlanta: August 1864 Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

Northern and Southern Resources