The Protestant Reformation

In Medieval Times People believed…. Fear of Authority and Fear of God Catholic Church was the only church in Western Europe The Bible was only to be read by priests or bishops. People believed…. If you died with a dirty soul you would either go straight to hell or to Purgatory. You had to go to church to get your soul clean. If you died with a clean soul you would go to heaven.

Causes of the Reformation Black Death Scientific Advances contradicted Church Corruption within Catholic Church Humanists question Church with reasoning Monarchs supported reformers

Great Schism A new pope was elected. Then French cardinals chose a Frenchman as pope a few months later. Now the church had two popes!! This divided the church and Europe Decreased papal authority and respect for the church

What was the Protestant Reformation? an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church People wanted to get rid of the corruption of the Catholic Church and restore the people’s faith in the church Popes seemed more concerned with politics Sold indulgences People wanted a better society on earth instead of just in heaven

People’s way of life started changing. People, not just priests, were learning to read. People started reading the Bible on their own. People started to think on their own and not listen to the priests. People started reading the ancient non-Christian Greeks. New ideas of science and mathematics from the Muslim intellectuals were being read. New scientific ideas questioned the thinking of the Church.

People’s way of life started changing. Thinkers were quietly pushing the church for reform. The new printing press rapidly spread revolutionary ideas. The rulers and priests in Germany were angry at seeing money in their states being sent to Rome to build rich palaces and churches. Exploration around the world

Conclusion Reformers established their own Christian denominations. The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant denominations.

Main Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible and confession for comfort

In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for: “The righteous shall live by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Luther’s 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation) He believed: Salvation was through faith alone. Priests do not have special powers. The bible was the only source of religious truth.

Luther’s 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Gained support from people and criticism from Church The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants

CHRISTIANITY E. Orthodox CATHOLIC PROTESTANT

Calvinism Spread Protestantism across Europe and America Believed the congregation should control the church God’s will is absolute: predestination Believers were called Puritans. Anglican Church Follower of Luther who then added his own ideas Predestination- At birth God decides who achieves salvation (if you will go to heaven or hell) A person’s destiny was predetermined Two types of people: saints and sinners Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Presbyterian Puritans Huguenots

England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Anti-Semitism increases; many Jews were forced into Eastern Europe Historians have classified six explanations as to why people hate the Jews: Economic -- "We hate Jews because they possess too much wealth and power." Chosen People -- "We hate Jews because they arrogantly claim that they are the chosen people." Scapegoat -- "Jews are a convenient group to single out and blame for our troubles." Decide -- "We hate Jews because they killed Jesus." Outsiders, -- "We hate Jews because they are different than us." (The dislike of the unlike.) Racial Theory -- "We hate Jews because they are an inferior race."

Catholic Counter Reformation The church’s reaction to the Reformation: strengthen Catholicism to stop people from converting to Protestantism strict rules for church clergy

Spanish Inquisition in Spain 30 Years War Protestants revolted against Catholic king in Bohemia Spanish Inquisition in Spain People were only allowed to be Catholic. Jews and Muslims had to leave the country. Tortured those guilty of heresy