Bellringer What are indulgences?

Bellringer What are indulgences? Pardons issued by the Pope that people could buy to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory

Today Objective-The Protestant Reformation continues Aftermath of Luther. Who were Reformers who followed Martin Luther?

Terms and People indulgences – in the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person’s life Martin Luther –the German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic church in 1517 Wittenberg – city in northern Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses Charles V – the Holy Roman emperor who ordered Luther to recant his 95 Theses diet – assembly or legislature John Calvin – a reformer who preached predestination and living a saintly life predestination – the idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation Geneva – the Swiss city where Calvin was asked to establish a Christian community theocracy – a government run by religious leaders

A month after the Diet of Worms Charles issued an imperial order Edict of Worms declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic No one could give Luther food or shelter Luther was given shelter & protection by Fredrick the Wise Luther translated the Bible into German

Many northern princes supported Luther The German princes became known as Protestants. Eventually all non-Catholic Churches became known as Protestants

People began to apply Luther’s ideas of spiritual freedom to society Peasant's Revolt of 1524 German peasant's demanded an end to serfdom. Mobs of angry peasants pillaged & burned. The revolt horrified Luther who wrote a pamphlet encouraging the prince’s to show no mercy The prince’s armies crushed the revolt. As many as 100,000 were massacred

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V went to war against the Protestants He defeated them in 1547 but could not force them back into the Catholic church. All princes assembled in the city of Augsburg Peace of Augsburg- religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler

The Reformation Spreads Ulrich Zwingli- Protestant leader in Zurich Switzerland. Wanted to start a theocracy

theocracy A government in which the church & state are joined. OR Rule by Religious leaders Iran is a modern example of a theocracy

John Calvin John Calvin, a French-born priest and lawyer, was strongly influenced by these Reformation ideas. In 1541, the people of Geneva, Switzerland, invited Calvin to lead their community

Next to Luther John Calvin is the most important Protestant reformer

Calvin’s major work Institutes of the Christian Religion

Major ideas of John Calvin Authority of Scripture "For anyone to arrive at God the Creator he needs Scripture as his Guide and Teacher."

John Calvin: God is Sovereign Calvin preached predestination: God knows who will be saved before they are born & guides those destined for salvation God elects God chooses

Calvin preached in Geneva, Switzerland Those who followed Calvin became known as Calvinists. Calvinism spread to Netherlands, France, Scotland

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

John Knox Spread Calvinism into Scotland He started the Presbyterian Church

Anabaptists Believed in complete separation from the world Radical Reformation Believed in complete separation from the world Believed in rebaptizing adults Pacifists Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites Menno Simons Founder of the Mennonites

Examine Woodcut illustrations Woodcuts could be used as political cartoons. Examine the woodcuts below & answer the questions. Then Make your own cartoon

Next: Look at the 95 Theses: 2.Luther & Protest: Martin Luther’s 95 Theses Enough is enough Use Luther as a model What would you protest? 1. Complete the Guided reading Answer the Constructed response questions