Mineral Chemistry

Atoms An atom is the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element. Atoms contain subatomic particles: Protons: Positively charged, found in the nucleus Electrons: Negatively charged, found in the outside the nucleus. Neutrons: No charge, found in the nucleus. Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Atomic Mass: Number of protons + neutrons

The Periodic Table (Pages 142 & 143 of your book) 47 Atomic Number Ag Element Symbol Element Name Silver Mass Number or Atomic 107.8682

8 Most Common Mineral-Forming Elements O - Oxygen Si - Silicon Al - Aluminum Fe - Iron Ca - Calcium Na - Sodium K - Potassium Mg – Magnesium

Use Periodic Table to fill-in table Element # protons # neutrons # electrons Silicon Potassium 26 13

14 19 20 26 30 13 Iron Aluminum Silicon Potassium Element # protons # neutrons # electrons Silicon 14 Potassium 19 20 Iron 26 30 Aluminum 13

HOMEWORK Do Objective 10.10 Use your periodic table and book (p. 139-144) for Help

ionic bonding Bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another. NaCl Al2O3 Corundum (see notes)

Ionic Bond

Bonding forms Minerals Ions ---- Molecules ---- Minerals ---- Rocks

ION An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge.

When a group of ions or molecules form a solid structure, called a lattice, a mineral compound may form.