1. Element Identities

2. What are the electrical charges of each of the three subatomic particles?
Protons are Positive
Neutrons are neutral
Electrons are negative

3. How does the mass of a neutron compare to the mass of a proton?
Neutrons and Protons have almost equal masses

4. How does the mass of a proton compare to the mass of an electron?
The mass of a proton is much greater than the mass of an electron

5. How many electrons does it take to equal the mass of one neutron?
Protons and neutrons have similar masses, so it would take 1,836 electrons to equal the mass of one neutron or proton

6. In an atom, where is the majority of the mass found?
The majority of the mass is found in the nucleus where the protons and neutrons are located.

7. Silver Ag Iodine I As Ca Tin Sn Cl Kr H C Silicon Si Gold Au Ge
Arsenic As
Calcium Ca
Tin Sn
Chlorine Cl
Krypton Kr
Hydrogen H
Carbon C
Silicon Si
Gold Au
Germanium Ge

8. Na Br P F O Al Boron B Helium He K Mg N Neon Ne
Sodium Na
Bromine Br
Phosphorus P
Fluorine F
Oxygen O
Aluminum Al
Boron B
Helium He
Potassium K
Magnesium Mg
Nitrogen N
Neon Ne

9. Number of Valence electrons
Element Name
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Group
Period
Number of Valence electrons
 Sodium 11
23-11=12  1  3 
 Aluminum
 13
27-13=14 
13 
 Magnesium
 12
24-12=12  2 
Which element above is most reactive? Why?
Sodium because it has 1 valence electron. It wants to lose the valence electron to have a full shell underneath

10. Number of Valence electrons
Element Name
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Group
Period
Number of Valence electrons
 Calcium
 20
40-20=20 2 4
 Potassium
 19
 39-19=20 1
 Gallium 31
 70-31=39
13  3
Which element above is most reactive? Why?
Potassium because it has 1 valence electron. It wants to lose the valence electron to have a full shell underneath

11. Number of Valence electrons
Element Name
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Group
Period
Number of Valence electrons
 Neon
10 
20-10=10  18 2 8
 Oxygen  8
 16-8=8 16 6
 Fluorine  9
 19-9=10 17 7
Which element above is most reactive? Why?
Fluorine because it has 7 valence electrons. It wants to gain 1 valence electron to have a full shell.

12. How are groups and periods helpful in locating an element on the Periodic Table?
Groups are the vertical columns and the periods are the horizontal rows
The groups tell how many valence electrons
The periods tell how many shells

13. What information is needed to identify an element?
The atomic number is the number of protons
It is also the number of electrons in a neutron atom
Atomic Number
Protons
Electrons

14. How does the reactivity of a metal differ from nonmetals?
Metals with the fewest number of valence electrons are most reactive
With the exception of noble gases (with a full shell) nonmetals with the most valence electrons are most reactive

15. How does the number of protons help you determines the identity of an element?
The number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an element.

16. Where on the Periodic Table are the most reactive metals located?
The most reactive metals are located on the far left hand side
Group 1, the alkali metals

17. Where on the Periodic Table are the most reactive nonmetals located?
The most reactive nonmetals are located in group 17 on the right side of the table
Group 17 are the halogens

18. What determines the reactivity of an element?
Valence electrons
The closer an element is to a full shell, the more reactive it is

19. How are the noble gases different than the other elements on the Periodic Table?
Noble gases have filled energy levels
They are inert (not reactive)
Other elements have unfilled energy levels and react to try and fill them