1. BIOCHEMISTRY
The chemistry of life

2. Levels of Organization
Subatomic particlesAtomsMolecules
Cell OrganellesCellsTissues
OrgansOrgan SystemsOrganismsSpecies
CommunitiesEcosystems
BiosphereEarthSolar SystemGalaxyUniverse

3. Atoms The smallest functional unit of matter
Contain Protons (+ charge), Neutrons (no charge), and electrons (-charge).
The Protons AND neutrons reside in the nucleus and together make up the ATOMIC MASS . Just the protons (which are equal to the number of e-) make up the Atomic Number

4. 6 Atomic Notation 12 C Atomic Mass Element Symbol Atomic Number
In this case: The number of Protons is: 6
The number of electrons is: 6
The number of neutrons is: 6

5. Elements
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Important ones you should know:
C: carbon H: hydrogen O: oxygen
Ca: calcium N: nitrogen S: sulphur
Na: sodium K: potassium I: iodine
Cl: chlorine Fe: iron Zn: zinc
Mg: magnesium P: phosphorus

6. A Compound When two or more elements combine chemically
Examples: H20, NaCl, FeO2
When elements form a compound, their characteristics change

7. Bonding Results in the formation of compounds
Involves the transfer or sharing of electrons
When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become electrically charged particles called ions, and an ionic bond is formed
When atoms share electrons, a covalent bond is formed

8. Valence Shells
The outer electron shell (orbital) in an atom determines its reactivity
The innermost electron shell holds 2 electrons, all others hold 8

9. More Valence Shells O B F Ne P: 5 e-: 5 N: 6 11 5 19 16 8 9 20 10