Perspective and Current Status of Introducing Nuclear Power in Poland Olga Kołodziej, Paulina Giżowska Department of Nuclear Safety National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA) RCF Regulatory Control Training Workshop 7 November 2016, Vienna, Austria

Content Nuclear Facilities in Poland Status of the Nuclear Power Programme Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body Legal framework Licensing Review of Regulatory Infrastructure Development Human Resources

Republic of Poland Population ~38 mln Area 312,679 km2 Capital Warsaw Currency PLN Official language Polish Installed capacity ~38 GW EU member 1st May 2004

Nuclear Facilities in Poland In accordance with the Atomic Law Act: Research reactor MARIA Research reactor EWA (decommissioned) Spent fuel storage facilities Located at two separate organizational entities and two separate locations: National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) Radioactive Waste Management Plant (ZUOP) incl. National Radioactive Waste Repositary Świerk Różan

Nuclear Facilities in Poland National Radioactive Waste Repository in Różan (LILW) Nuclear Facilities in Poland Różan Warszawa Świerk MARIA research reactor (in operation) EWA research reactor (decommissioned) Spent fuel storages 5000+ activities involving ionizing radiation (medical, industrial, scientific)

Research reactor MARIA Operated since: 16.12.1974 Moderator: water, beryllium Nominal power: 30 MW(th) Reflector: graphite Neutron flux: 2,5*1014 n/cm2*s Cooling regime: pressurized fuel channels

Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (1) Polish Nuclear Power Programme (PNPP) adopted by the Council of Ministers in January 2014 High level document prepared by Ministry of Energy expressing political will to embark on nuclear power Describes the development of legal, organizational and institutional infractructure required for the implementation of nuclear power PNPP covers issues such as: role of nuclear power in national energy policy funding and financing of the programme development of transmission grid establishment of safety infrastructure environmental impact radioactive waste management involvement of domestic industry human resources development public communication

Three main organizations involved in PNPP Promotion Future Operator Regulatory Body Coordination and implementation of PNPP Promotion of nuclear power applications Construction, commissioning and operation Responsibility for safety Financing Licensing & Independent oversight

Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (2) PNPP contains the provisional time schedule of the nuclear programme: I stage 2014 – 2016: site and reactor technology selection II stage 2017 – 2018: licensing III stage 2019 – 2024: construction & commissioning of 1st unit; start of construction of following units IV stage 2025-2030: completion of construction of first (by 2030) and second NPP (by 2035)

Status of the Nuclear Power Programme (3) Preparatory work: 2010 – development of draft PNPP by the Ministry of Economy, performance by the ME of the environmental impact forecast, consultations on the draft (approx. 100 national entities involved) December 2010 - March 2011 – formal public consultations on the environmental impact forecast (opinions and comments submitted by approx. 300 different organizations) July 2011 – start of transboundary consultations May 2013 – formal completion of transboundary consultations July 2013 – submission of draft PNPP for discussion at the Interministerial Team for the Implementation of Poland’s Energy Policy up to 2030        July - August 2013 – agreement on the draft PNPP with its participants October 2013 – senior management of the Ministry of Economy adopted the draft January 2014 – the Permanent Committee of the Council of Ministers adopted the draft PNPP

Alternative Proposals Option 1: Construction of two NPPs with a total power of 6000 MW HTR with a power of 200-350 MW To take place until 2020, or at least start National companies taking part would receive necessary support from the State and their efforts will be coordinated to avoid duplication. Creation of a modern laboratory for research into new solutions needed for Generation IV reactors, fusion reactors and highly efficient conventional installations Option 2: 1st NPP unit with a power of 1000 MW expected in the next 10 years

Current Status of the Nuclear Power Programme Review of implementation of PNPP was adopted by the Council of Ministers in October 2016. Looking at various methods to finance the construction of an NPP: initial mechanism of ‘contract for difference’ (CfD) judged too costly. Results expected in the first quarter of 2017. Updated PNPP is expected by the end of 2017, incl. new time schedule. In parallel to the PNPP, research over the potential of developing new reactor technologies (Generation IV reactors)

Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body (1) President of PAA is a central organ of governmental administration responsible for nuclear safety and radiation protection President of PAA executes his tasks through the National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA) which is the Polish nuclear regulatory body Reports to the Ministry of Environment Nuclear regulatory authorities President of PAA (Chairman) Nuclear regulatory inspectors

Regulatory Infrastructure: the regulatory body (2) Functions and main tasks: national policy on nuclear safety and radiological protection regulatory oversight of activities involving nuclear materials and other radioactive sources, incl. conduct of inspections to verify nuclear and radiation safety, physical protection and nuclear materials safeguards safety assessment & licensing of activities involving use of ionizing radiation technical and organizational recommendations drafting of legal acts and regulatory guides radiation monitoring of the territory of Poland cooperation with other relevant institutions

Structure of the Regulatory Body

Legal framework Act of Parliament of 29th November 2000 – Atomic law (O.J. of 2014, item 1512) Coomprehensive legal instrument, comprising in particular provisions relating to: types of activities requiring PAA license high-level nuclear safety and radiation protection requirements physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities radioactive waste and spent fuel management conduct of regulatory inspections radiation monitoring and emergency preparedness and response civil liability for nuclear damage Regularly updated, last major revision in 2014 High-level requirements established in Atomic law are made more specific in ca. 50 supporting regulations

Licensing (1) PAA license is required for: manufacturing, processing, storage, disposal, transport or use of nuclear materials, radioactive sources, radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities (including NPPs) construction, operation, closure and decommissioning of radioactive waste repositories production, installation, use and maintenance of the equipment containing radioactive sources commissioning and use of the equipment generating ionizing radiation

Licensing (2) Application Radiological Protection Department License nuclear facilities radwaste repositories radioactive sources Radiological Protection Department Nuclear Safety Department review and assessment, supplementing submissions, inspections, … Draft license Council for NS and RP President of PAA opinion (for nuclear facilities)

Review of Regulatory Infrastructure Development IAEA missions received: Integrated Regulatory Review Service (IRRS) (2013) Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review INIR (preparatory mission 2010, core mission 2013) Integrated Physical Protection Advisory Service IPPAS (1997 and 2016) Integrated Safety Assessment for Research Reactor (INSARR) (pre-mission 2013, core mission TBD)

Human Resources (1) Training of PAA regulatory Staff is a priority in order to prepare them for the implementation of the PNPP and ensure stability of employment of highly qualified experts Provide ground for competent assessment of the project and supervision of construction and operation of the first NPP On-the-job trainings, staff trainings, workshops, inspectors certification, etc.

Human Resources (2) Faculties, majors or areas of study connected with nuclear power engineering opened in a dozen higher education institutions National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ): largest research institute in Poland, employing over 1000 staff. Operates Poland’s only nuclear research reactor (the MARIA reactor). Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection (CLOR): delivers professional training for radiological protection inspectors

Thanks and Questions