4:20 China and Japan

Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)—returned to the beliefs of China’s past before Mongol rule, nativism northern capital at Beijing, southern capital at Nanjing Forbidden City—walled compound of royal palaces return of Confucian ideas and the civil service exam, restoration of the Great Wall

Portuguese in Asia In Asia, Portugal est. a trade empire based in small outposts, not large territories est. a spice monopoly—complete control of a market Catholic missionaries could not convert Chinese; tolerated Jesuits English and Dutch forced Portuguese out of Asia by 1600s

Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)—China under the rule of the northern Manchu people imposed Manchu culture: queues (braided ponytails), placed Manchus in govt positions Emperor Kangxi (1661-1722)—Confucian emperor who Sinofied the Manchus increased China’s territory into Tibet, Taiwan, and Mongolia built schools, Kangxi Dictionary, Collection of Books encyclopedia

Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795)—poet and artist, ruled at height of the Qing Dynasty in need of money, sold trading privileges to Europeans only at Guangzhou (Canton) govt corruption led to the White Lotus Rebellion (1796-1804)—revolt to restore the Ming Dynasty, 100k peasants killed

Qing Dynasty economics: proto-industrial society—some industry, but most people still worked on farms society: Confucian filial piety, extended families women: honored for committing sati, education for men only, divorce not permitted

Japan Tokugawa Shogunate (1600-1868)— reorganized the feudal system of Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu (1600-1616)— diamyo of Toyko who declared himself shogun divided Japan into 250 hans (districts) run by diamyo loyal to the shogun

Japan Society honored a military culture shogun, diamyo samurai, ronin—samurai without masters farmers artisans and merchants eta—ostracized, performed unclean jobs

Japan Arts and literature: Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) develops the haiku Kabuki theatre—dance dramas Europeans completely expelled by 1630: Christianity, foreign books, outside travel prohibited

Korea Hermit Kingdom—reference to Korea’s isolation from the rest of the world Sejong the Great (1418-1450)— simplified Korean writing system so even uneducated peasants could become literate