2. Return of Chinese Rule Ming China 1368-1644

3. Defining Characteristics Confucianism Returns Examination System Scholar Class Powerful Military Best seafaring vessels Mobility through merit One of the largest land empires Cultural Expressions: Pottery and the Novel

4. Urban Revival Rebuilding of the Forbidden City… Defining Characteristics Beijing Early attempts at Exploration Areas of Exploration: 1390 1430 Chinese govt. restricts explorations Exploration efforts ended Zhenge He India, Arabia, East Africa Interactions with Europeans Indirect Trade brought in massive amounts of silver Curious about Missionaries…later rejected them Permitted Portuguese at Macao

5. Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty)

6. 1644-1911 Invaders from the North Open up trade with Europe— Importance of Tea Boom of Port Cites… Christian missionary presence— Government Structure… Canton (Guangzhou) Dyarchy Limited to South Maintained Confucian attitudes—”Europeans are barbaric” no successes

8. Video Prompt China successfully embarked on voyages of discovery a 100 years before the Europeans did… ….Then, in the 1430s, they stopped What if China had continued to explore? How might history had been different? Think long term

9. Rise and Rule of Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1868 -End of 1500s- Ashikaga Shogun collapses: -3 Lords emerge…fight for control -The third lord fills the void- Tokugawa: 2 of the lords attempted to centralize rule--failed Clan Wars return (daimyo of Edo) declared himself shogun by 1603

10. Emergence of Tokugawa Ieyasu…powerful daimyo of Edo (modern Tokyo) Unites the daimyo..ending feudal warfare Great Peace New capital at Edo (Tokyo)… Shogun’s twin responsibilities: Samurai take on administrative duties Economic Changes Emperor in Kyoto Rise in Commerce and manufacturing in cities Common Currency Merchant Class Home grown cotton Tozama and Fudai Daimyo at peace

11. Initial period of openness with West 1. Gunpowder technology- 2. Presence of Christian Missionaries Great Peace Introduced by Portuguese Aid in unification Some Conversions Francis Xavier Most successful in Southern Islands

12. Emerges as an “External Society” Self Imposed Isolation 1. Religion 1612: 1614: Expelling of Christian Missionaries Christianity banned Why? Suspicious of Motives Missionaries destroy idols Newly converted involved in riots

13. 2. Trade and Travel Only Dutch Merchants were permitted Self Imposed Isolation Restricted Travel Abroad Western Books were banned Little or no missionary activity Allowed at Nagasaki harbor Japanese merchants confined to cities and China

14. Why Isolation? Fear outside ideas weakens Shogun authority Samurai Culture reinforces Group conformity Island Geography Shinto beliefs