Vitamins

VITAMINS REQUIREMENT SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY Vitamin A 600 µg/day Liver, Egg, Butter, Cheese, Fish, meat, Green leafy vegetables, papaya, mango. Production of retinal pigments. Support skeletal growth Anti infective Protect from cancers Maintain integrity and function of granular and epithelial tissue Night blindness Conjunctival xerosis Corneal ulceration Keratomalacia Vitamin D 2.5µg/day Liver, Egg yolk, butter, cheese. Promotes absorption and reabsorption of Ca and P. Stimulates mineralization of bone Enhances bone resorption Permits normal growth Rickets Osteomalacia Vitamin E 0.8mg/g of essential fatty acids Vegetable oils, butter, egg yolk. Antioxidant Sterility Hemolytic and hypo plastic anemia Degenerative changes in muscles and heart.

VITAMINS REQUIREMENTS SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY Vitamin K 0.03mg/kg/day Fresh green leafy vegetables, cow’s milk, intestinal bacteria(K2) Stimulate the production of coagulation factors. Blood clotting time prolonged. Bleeding Prothrombin content of blood decreases. Thiamine (Vit B1) 1.5mg/day Whole grain cereals, wheat, gram, yeast, pulses, oil seeds, nuts, meat, fish egg. Involved in direct oxidation pathway for glucose Essential for utilization of carbohydrates. Beriberi Wernicke’s -encephalopathy opthalmoplegia polyneuritis, ataxia Riboflavin (Vit B2) 0.6mg/1000kcal of energy Milk, egg, liver, kidney, green leafy vegetables Cellular oxidation Co-factor Angular stomatitis Cheilosis Glossitis

VITAMINS REQUIREMENTS SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY Niacin 18mg/day Liver, kidney, meat, fish, legumes, ground nut Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins. Normal functioning of skin, intestine, nervous system Pellagra Glossitis Stomatitis Pyridoxine (Vit B6) 2mg/day Milk, liver, meat, egg yolk, fish, legumes, vegetables Metabolism of amino acids fat, carbohydrates Peripheral neuritis Pantothenic acid 10mg/day All foods Biosynthesis of corticosteroids Folate (Folacin and folic acid) 100µg/day Liver, meat, dairy products, egg, milk, fruits , cereals Synthesis of the nucleic acids Normal development of blood cells in the marrow Found during pregnancy and lactation- Megaloblastic anemia, Glossitis, Cheilosis, diarrhoea

VITAMINS REQUIREMENTS SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY Vitamin B12 1µg/day Liver, kidney, meat, fish, egg, milk, cheese Synthesized by bacteria in the colon Synthesis of fatty acids myelin Synthesis of DNA along with Folate Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia) Demyelinating neurological lesions in the spinal cord infertility Vitamin C 60mg/day Fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, germinating pulses Formation of collagen Tissue oxidation Formation of hemoglobin Absorption of iron from the intestinal wall. Scurvy- Swollen bleeding gums, subcutaneous bruising into the skin and joints, anemia and weakness