Climate change and food waste in developing countries Group- VI Job Cheruiyot, Ngà Mai, Debjyoti Majumder, Sumita Chandel, Sahitya Murali

Climate Change - reality or hype?

Heat wave in North India, Typhoon Haiyan in the U.S.A. How to explain this??? Severe drought hits S.Africa, 2015 Cold wave in North India, 2006 Heat wave in North India, 2007 Typhoon Haiyan in the U.S.A. Uttarakhand floods, 2013

Effects of Elevated CO2 on Net Photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants Impact Of CO2 on Agricultural Productivity Effects of Elevated CO2 on Net Photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants Calculated Actual and Potential rates of Crop Canopy Photosynthesis versus Temperature in C3 plants 2 x CO2 C3 plants Current CO2 levels C4 plants Stephen, et al., 2006

Climate Change Reduces Global Food Availability Temp. Rainfall Food Production decreases by 10% by 2030. Food Production decreases by 20% by 2050. DSSAT model results: +1 => 4 to 6 % yield loss in global wheat Haile Von Braun, et al., 2016

Agricultural Yield Decreased pollen viability - Yield loss Spikelet sterility Increased risk of disease Microbial processes Affect C and N cycle. Beneficial microbial organism reduced. Higher Sea level rise Crop production is affected Soil salinity

Changes and interactions in environmental and socioeconomic conditions can affect food security outcomes in distant locations

What do we need to do? How important is climate change? How do we build resilience to climate change? How can we adapt and/or mitigate the effects? What does this mean to the smallholder farmers around the world? What are the implications for investments, finance and governance of global agriculture and food security?

Mitigation options detailed in the Paris Climate Agreement Agriculture must reduce emissions by CO2 equivalent of 1 Giga-ton per year in 2030 (current only 21- 40% of this goal). Wollenberg, et al. 2016 Mitigation options New technologies (e.g. methane inhibitors) Land use practices / precision farming / range land Incentives for carbon reductions (incl. soil carbon) Consumption adjustment, waste reduction

International Panel on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture (IPFNA) Decision makers on costs, benefits and risk Policy (Govt. and Non Govt.) Technology (Science based) Agenda and priority setting Education Coordination Transparent and Participatory

Adaptation options for Food and Agriculture Diversify and increase production Trade more and facilitate finance Food waste management Improve food processing Water storage and better irrigation Facilitate job change with skill Institutional strengthening (Farm Women’s group) Science and digitalization

What is food waste? “Food loss and food waste refer to the decrease of food in subsequent stages of the food supply chain intended for human consumption.” - UN Food and Agriculture Organisation

The food supply chain Brown, M.E., et al., 2015

FoodDrink Europe

Food waste in Kenya

Rejected products are lost as the local markets cannot absorb them.

Public Distribution System, India

What’s the problem?

Capital Mind, 2015

So, what do we do? Alternative use Local markets Food quality assessment Focus on nutritional value Revamp/introduce government policies

Questions?

Thank you!