1. Objective 1: To increase resilience of smallholder production systems Output -Integrated crop-livestock systems developed to improve productivity, profitability and reduce risk of smallholder farmers without degrading the natural resource base Activities 1.1-Adapt and validate promising crop-livestock productivity enhancing and climate change resilient technologies identified during Phase 1 for targeted farm typologies 1.2-Assess socio-economic feasibility (economic analysis, risk assessment, constraints to adoption, household labour requirement and division etc) of integrated technologies 1.3 Monitor and document adoption and adaptation of technologies by gender 1.4-Quantify nutrient flows and resources use efficiency in integrated systems

2. Objective 1: To increase resilience of smallholder production systems Activities 1.5-Model different scenarios (e.g. tradeoffs) of intensification options for different farm typologies 1.6- Develop decision support tools for resilient production systems 1.7-Strengthening capacity of farmers, extension workers and students, farmers etc. in integrated technologies Research questions -Which combinations of technologies (crop, livestock, soil, water, vegetable) will lead to improved whole farm productivity and profitability? -Which of these combinations of technologies have high potential for adoption by smallholder farmers? -what are the enabling institutional and policy environments to facilitate adoption of resilient production systems? -What are the socio-economic and cultural barriers to adoption of integrated crop-livestock technologies and how could they be overcome?

3. Objective 2 Nutrition, food safety and value addition Outputs 1.Improving household food and nutritional security, particularly the vulnerable groups (e.g. pregnant women, children, elderly etc) through: (i)Increased availability, access and consumption of diverse nutritious food; (ii)Creating awareness and demand for nutritious and safe food (iii)Improving capacity in good nutrition practices (iv)Mitigation of mycotoxin contamination 2. Reducing post-harvest loss and improving shelf life through better pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest practices. 3. Improve the market value of agricultural produce through value addition thereby increasing household income and nutritional value

4. Objective 2: Nutrition, food safety and value addition Research Question -How does better access to, control and decision making over agricultural production assets (land, labour, credit, inputs, services etc.) impact on household nutritional outcome, particularly of the vulnerable groups? -What are the socio-cultural barriers to improved nutritional practices and how could they be overcome? -Which combinations of technology packages can enhance food safety and household nutrition? -To what extent can the various crop processing (handling) and storage technologies mitigate mycotoxin contamination in food? -What are the best delivery mechanisms to educate farm households about improved food and nutritional practices.

5. Objective 2: Nutrition, food safety and value addition Activities 1.1-Promote nutrition sensitive agricultural production practices (e.g. home garden, backyard poultry etc) by women 1.2-Conduct study on household nutrient intake from diverse food sources and impact on nutritional status of women and children 1.3-Build awareness on consumption of diversified diet by pregnant women and children (under 2 years) 1.4-Build capacity of women and extension workers in improved nutrition practices 1.5-Assess mycotoxin contamination level in maize and groundnut in the intervention areas (at market and households) 2.1-Test and validate technologies for pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest management 2.2-Assess post harvest losses of major agricultural produce 2.3- Train extension workers and farmers in proven post harvest loss reducing technologies 3.1 Test, validate and disseminate technologies for value addition for selected crop and livestock products

6. Objective 3: Market, Institution and Gender Output 1.Enhancing institutional options to improve: (i) market access (both agricultural inputs and outputs) (ii) Access to sustainable intensification technologies 2. To empower the vulnerable groups (women and youth) for equitable access to and control of production assets (land, labour, credit etc) Research Question -How do technologies promoted by the project affect household labour, decision making and asset allocation? -How do the local socio-cultural and institutional environments affect adoption of integrated crop-livestock technologies?

7. Objective 3: Market, Institution and Gender Activities 1.1-Assess gender disaggregated market opportunities for smallholder crop-livestock farmers 1.2-Capitalize on existing market information systems 1.3 Assess and adapt tools to facilitate real time delivery of market information for informed decision making by smallholder farmers 1.4-Study constraints to optimal services from the input and output dealers, credit and other service providers and develop strategies to overcome them 2.1 Gender analysis of access to and control over household productive assets 2.2 Analysis o existing local institutions governing access and control over productive assets 2.3 Capacity building on gender mainstreaming for researchers and extension workers