Scientific Revolution Methods, Theories and Explanations Scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution Way of thinking about the natural world based on observation and questioning beliefs. Taking place during the Renaissance and Reformation Geocentric Theory- Earth is center of solar system Old way of thinking Heliocentric Theory- sun centered solar system Nicolaus Copernicus Contradicted religious views

Adding More Science Johannes Kepler revealed that planets move in an elliptical pattern. (pictured on previous page) Galileo Galilei- Italian scientists who made many discoveries in astronomy. Contradicted the church Renounced his findings Put on house arrest the rest of his life Isaac Newton- English scientist who discovered the universal laws of gravitation

Method Development Scientific Method is created to help prove ideas logically Question Observe Hypothesis Test Analyze Interpret Conclusion

An Intellectual Revolution The Enlightenment

Age of Reason Enlightenment- intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power for individuals to solve problems. People questioned their governments Europe was governed by absolute monarchies Old Idea- Ruler is justified to rule by divine right New Idea- Governments power comes from the consent of the governed

Different views of Government Thomas Hobbes believed that there should be absolute monarchy People were “naturally selfish and wicked” Social Contract- people define and limit their rights thus creating government. John Locke- believed that people should govern themselves and learn from their own experiences. People had natural rights – life ,liberty and property Citizens had right to overthrow government

French Philosophizers Believed that people could apply reason for everything. Voltaire- wrote books and essays that defended freedom of speech and religion Montesquieu- believed in a separation of powers in government. Checks and balances Rousseau- believed that society corrupted peoples natural goodness Believed in direct democracy When people JOIN a society, they GIVE UP certain freedoms in exchange for benefits

Impact of the Enlightenment Challenged divine right and the union of church and state Enlightened Despots Strong belief in progress and science More secular outlook Importance of the individual