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The 100 cities most at risk from natural hazards by region

Key idea: Natural hazards pose major risks to people and property. Definition of a natural hazard Types of natural hazard Factors affecting hazard risk

Factors affecting hazard risk Up to 4: Give one reason why some places are more affected by natural hazards than others. 5/6: Describe and begin to explain at least 2 factors affecting hazard risk. Be able to give one example of each. 7+: Describe and explain all 3 factors affecting hazard risk in detail. Be able to give examples for each.

Factors affecting hazard risk

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Capacity to Cope Nature of Hazard Vulnerability Hazard risk is the probability (chance) that a natural hazard occurs. There are several factors affecting hazard risk: Capacity to Cope Nature of Hazard Vulnerability

1. The type of hazard is important 1. The type of hazard is important. The hazard risk from some hazards is greater than others. For example, tropical storms can be predicted, but earthquakes happen suddenly without warning. 2. The more people that are in areas exposed to natural hazards, the greater the probability they will be affected by a natural hazard – so the hazard risk is higher. 3. A rich country will be much more likely to be able to afford to build defences against hazards like flood defences. 4. Natural hazards have to affect human activities to count as a hazard. The better a population can cope with an extreme event the lower the threat. 5. An area with a high population density living on a flood plain (like Bangladesh) is very vulnerable to flooding caused by extreme weather. 6. Frequency – Some natural hazards occur more often than others, increasing the hazard risk. 7. Higher Income Countries (HICs) are better able to cope with hazards. 8. Rich countries can afford to evacuate people from hazards. 9. Magnitude – The more severe natural hazards cause greater effects than less severe natural hazards. For example a large 9.0 magnitude earthquake may cause more damage than a 5.8 magnitude one. 10. An area with a high population density living in a city at the base of a volcano (like Naples in Italy) is very vulnerable to volcanic eruptions. 11. Rich countries will be able to afford to repair the damage afterwards. 12. Poor countries will spend money on other things such as education and hospitals.

1. The type of hazard is important 1. The type of hazard is important. The hazard risk from some hazards is greater than others. For example, tropical storms can be predicted, but earthquakes happen suddenly without warning. 2. The more people that are in areas exposed to natural hazards, the greater the probability they will be affected by a natural hazard – so the hazard risk is higher. 3. A rich country will be much more likely to be able to afford to build defences against hazards like flood defences. 4. Natural hazards have to affect human activities to count as a hazard. The better a population can cope with an extreme event the lower the threat. 5. An area with a high population density living on a flood plain (like Bangladesh) is very vulnerable to flooding caused by extreme weather. 6. Frequency – Some natural hazards occur more often than others, increasing the hazard risk. 7. Higher Income Countries (HICs) are better able to cope with hazards. 8. Rich countries can afford to evacuate people from hazards. 9. Magnitude – The more severe natural hazards cause greater effects than less severe natural hazards. For example a large 9.0 magnitude earthquake may cause more damage than a 5.8 magnitude one. 10. An area with a high population density living in a city at the base of a volcano (like Naples in Italy) is very vulnerable to volcanic eruptions. 11. Rich countries will be able to afford to repair the damage afterwards. 12. Poor countries will spend money on other things such as education and hospitals.

Outline three factors that can affect Point Marked AO1 Knowledge Outline three factors that can affect the hazard risk from natural hazards. [3] A 3 mark question is point marked. Point marked questions will give you 1 mark for each valid idea in your answer.

Concepts & Connections Level Marked Concepts & Connections AO2 Explain how human activities could increase the risk of people being affected by natural hazards. [6] A 6 mark question is a level marked question. Level marked questions are looking for your depth of understanding.

Explain how human activities could increase the risk of people being affected by natural hazards. [6] L1 1-4 marks: Description and some explanation at the top end at least one of the following; vulnerability or capacity to cope. L2 5-6 marks: Explanation about how vulnerability and capacity to cope affects the outcome of a natural disaster. Six mark answers are likely to include named examples.

Concepts & Connections Level Marked Concepts & Connections AO2 To what extent do you agree with this quote? [8] An 8 mark question is a level marked question. Level marked questions are looking for your depth of understanding.

To what extent do you agree with this quote? [8] L1 1-4 marks: Description and some explanation at the top end at least one of the following; vulnerability or capacity to cope. L2 5-6 marks: Explanation about how vulnerability and capacity to cope affects the outcome of a natural disaster. L3 7-8 marks: As level 2, but with debate about the effectiveness of preparation in reducing the death toll, using evidence and examples to back up opinions.

Find out about natural hazards in Bangladesh. What are the natural events that threaten the county? Why are so many people at risk from these events?

Factors affecting hazard risk

Plenary 5 examples of natural hazards 4 examples of a meteorological natural hazard 3 factors affecting risk 2 examples of a geological natural hazard 1 difference between a natural hazard and a natural disaster

Key idea: Natural hazards pose major risks to people and property. Definition of a natural hazard Types of natural hazard Factors affecting hazard risk