1. Recap Recap what the following terms mean Natural Hazard Disaster Risk
Vulnerability
Hydro- meteorological hazard
Geophysical Hazard
Chronic Hazard

2. Recap
Look at the following list of hazardous events and decide if it is a natural event or natural hazard
1- A cyclone affecting Hong Kong
2- A hurricane passing over a remote unpopulated island
3- A flood in a rural area which floods the roads, but does not affect any houses
4- A volcano erupting on a remote unpopulated island
5- An avalanche in a ski resort
6- An avalanche high on mountainous slopes remote from any settlement

3. Learning Objectives K- Know how to use the disaster risk equation
U- Understand how vulnerability of people is a result of a number of factors
S- Know how to use the disaster risk equation in relation to a named country case study

4. The Disaster Risk Equation
Hazards x Vulnerability
Risk = Capacity
The risk of disaster grows as global hazards and people’s vulnerability increases, while their capacity to cope decreases
MEDC’s LEDC’s
Increasing vulnerability in some respects

5. The Disaster Risk Equation
Important to know that vulnerability is not the same as poverty!
E.g Earthquake
It is possible for middle class to be more affected by the collapse of their unsafe homes than the poor in a shanty town whose flimsy homes collapse and cause little damage

6. Vulnerability Factors
Either bullet point or produce spider diagrams to explain how the following factors can effect vulnerability
Wealth of people
Technical ability of a country
Education
Age
Rural
Urban

7. Other things to consider between LEDCs and MEDCs

8. Importance of Vulnerability
The impacts of any hazard are a result of peoples vulnerability not necessarily the hazards strength. People remain exposed to risk (ie vulnerable) for a variety of reasons
Vulnerable people do not live in dangerous places because they want to; they do it because they have to. Land may be cheaper, or unwanted by others

10. 2. Vulnerable people cannot afford to build well, even if building regulations are enforced.

11. 3. Rapid urbanisation has forced the poor into high risk areas of cities

12. 4. Changing risk – Rising sea levels mean that safe areas are now prone to flooding & storm surges. Deforestation of watersheds reduces interception & increases the risk of flooding.
5. Cost v Benefits – eg benefits of fertile soils on volcanoes v risk of eruption

13. Vulnerability Factors
Read pages in Hazards and responses text book on Costa Rica's vulnerability
Answer questions 8-10
Look at Costa Rica and all of the hazards that they have- how does this fit in with the disaster risk equation?

14. To end… Which part of the disaster risk equation is missing?
Hazards x
Risk = Capacity
Hazards x Vulnerability
Risk = x
Risk = Capacity